{"data":{"fields":[{"key":"firstPayment","label":"First payment deadline"},{"key":"subsequentPayments","label":"Later payments"},{"key":"minimumPayment","label":"Minimum payment and aggregation"},{"key":"lateInterest","label":"Interest on late payments"},{"key":"suspense","label":"Suspense and withheld payments"},{"key":"divisionOrders","label":"Division orders"},{"key":"ownerRemedy","label":"Owner remedies, notice and attorney fees"},{"key":"checkStub","label":"Check-stub disclosures"},{"key":"escheat","label":"Unclaimed royalties (escheat)"}],"states":[{"state":"Alabama","abbr":"AL","slug":"alabama","url":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/royalty-payment-law/alabama","apiUrl":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/api/v1/royalty-payment-law/alabama","actName":null,"lastReviewed":"2026-11-02","quickAnswer":"Alabama requires first purchasers to begin paying oil and gas proceeds no later than six months after the date of first sale, then within 60 days after the end of the month in which later production is sold (Ala. Code § 9-17-33); where title is unmarketable, payment may wait and interest runs at the Federal Reserve discount rate instead. A purchaser that violates the section owes the unpaid proceeds plus 12% annual interest from the due date, with suits in the circuit court of the county where the well is located.","fields":{"firstPayment":{"status":"statute","headline":"No later than six months after first sale (from receipt of proceeds for a substituted operator or lessee)","citations":["Ala. Code § 9-17-33(c)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Ala. Code § 9-17-33(c)","title":"Code of Alabama § 9-17-33 - Disposition of Proceeds from Sale of Oil or Gas Production (history: Acts 1982, No. 82-557; Acts 1991, No. 91-681; Act 99-396)","url":"https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama?section=9-17-33","publisher":"Alabama Legislature (ALISON)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"subsequentPayments":{"status":"statute","headline":"60 days after the end of the month of sale (from receipt of proceeds for a substituted operator or lessee)","citations":["Ala. Code § 9-17-33(c)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Ala. Code § 9-17-33(c)","title":"Code of Alabama § 9-17-33 - Disposition of Proceeds from Sale of Oil or Gas Production (history: Acts 1982, No. 82-557; Acts 1991, No. 91-681; Act 99-396)","url":"https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama?section=9-17-33","publisher":"Alabama Legislature (ALISON)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"minimumPayment":{"status":"statute","headline":"Annual when a year's proceeds do not exceed $100; monthly on request above $25; under $10 may be held until production or payment duty ends, or paid yearly on request","citations":["Ala. Code § 9-17-33(c)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Ala. Code § 9-17-33(c)","title":"Code of Alabama § 9-17-33 - Disposition of Proceeds from Sale of Oil or Gas Production (history: Acts 1982, No. 82-557; Acts 1991, No. 91-681; Act 99-396)","url":"https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama?section=9-17-33","publisher":"Alabama Legislature (ALISON)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"lateInterest":{"status":"statute","headline":"12% a year; Federal Reserve discount rate when title is unmarketable","citations":["Ala. Code § 9-17-33(d)","Ala. Code § 9-17-33(c)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Ala. Code § 9-17-33(d)","title":"Code of Alabama § 9-17-33 - Disposition of Proceeds from Sale of Oil or Gas Production (history: Acts 1982, No. 82-557; Acts 1991, No. 91-681; Act 99-396)","url":"https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama?section=9-17-33","publisher":"Alabama Legislature (ALISON)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"suspense":{"status":"statute","headline":"Unmarketable title only; interest at the Federal Reserve discount rate","citations":["Ala. Code § 9-17-33(c)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Ala. Code § 9-17-33(c)","title":"Code of Alabama § 9-17-33 - Disposition of Proceeds from Sale of Oil or Gas Production (history: Acts 1982, No. 82-557; Acts 1991, No. 91-681; Act 99-396)","url":"https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama?section=9-17-33","publisher":"Alabama Legislature (ALISON)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"divisionOrders":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Code of Alabama § 9-17-33 - Disposition of Proceeds from Sale of Oil or Gas Production (history: Acts 1982, No. 82-557; Acts 1991, No. 91-681; Act 99-396)","url":"https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama?section=9-17-33","publisher":"Alabama Legislature (ALISON)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"ownerRemedy":{"status":"statute","headline":"Unpaid proceeds plus interest; circuit court where the well is","citations":["Ala. Code § 9-17-33(d)","Ala. Code § 9-17-33(e)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Ala. Code § 9-17-33(d)","title":"Code of Alabama § 9-17-33 - Disposition of Proceeds from Sale of Oil or Gas Production (history: Acts 1982, No. 82-557; Acts 1991, No. 91-681; Act 99-396)","url":"https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama?section=9-17-33","publisher":"Alabama Legislature (ALISON)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"checkStub":{"status":"statute","headline":"Statutory list of items on the stub or an attachment","citations":["Ala. Code § 9-17-33(b)","Ala. Code § 9-17-33(b)(1)-(4)","Ala. Code § 9-17-33(b)(5)-(9)","Ala. Code § 9-17-33(a)(1)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Ala. Code § 9-17-33(b)","title":"Code of Alabama § 9-17-33 - Disposition of Proceeds from Sale of Oil or Gas Production (history: Acts 1982, No. 82-557; Acts 1991, No. 91-681; Act 99-396)","url":"https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama?section=9-17-33","publisher":"Alabama Legislature (ALISON)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"escheat":{"status":"statute","headline":"No mineral-specific period; three-year catch-all","citations":["Ala. Code § 35-12-72(a)(19)","Ala. Code § 35-12-72(c)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Ala. Code § 35-12-72(a)(19)","title":"Code of Alabama § 35-12-72 - Presumption of Abandonment (Uniform Disposition of Unclaimed Property Act of 2004; history through Act 2026-285). EXCERPT saved: (a) lead-in, (a)(19), (c), (e), history.","url":"https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama?section=35-12-72","publisher":"Alabama Legislature (ALISON)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]}}},{"state":"Alaska","abbr":"AK","slug":"alaska","url":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/royalty-payment-law/alaska","apiUrl":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/api/v1/royalty-payment-law/alaska","actName":null,"lastReviewed":"2026-11-02","quickAnswer":"We found no Alaska statute that sets a deadline, interest, minimum-payment rule, suspense rule, division-order rule, owner remedy or check-stub requirement for oil and gas royalty payments to private owners (Alaska Statutes Title 31 and the oil and gas conservation regulations read in full; related titles searched for royalty provisions). Alaska's Uniform Unclaimed Property Act counts mineral proceeds, including royalties, as intangible property, presumed abandoned after more than three years and subject to Alaska's custody when AS 34.45.120's address or domicile conditions are met (AS 34.45.110, 34.45.120 and 34.45.760).","fields":{"firstPayment":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Alaska Statutes Title 31, Oil and Gas (complete title: chs. 05, 15, 25, 30), official print view, Alaska Statutes 2025 edition","url":"https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp?media=print&secStart=31&secEnd=31","publisher":"Alaska State Legislature (akleg.gov)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"subsequentPayments":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Alaska Statutes Title 31, Oil and Gas (complete title: chs. 05, 15, 25, 30), official print view, Alaska Statutes 2025 edition","url":"https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp?media=print&secStart=31&secEnd=31","publisher":"Alaska State Legislature (akleg.gov)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"minimumPayment":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Alaska Statutes Title 31, Oil and Gas (complete title: chs. 05, 15, 25, 30), official print view, Alaska Statutes 2025 edition","url":"https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp?media=print&secStart=31&secEnd=31","publisher":"Alaska State Legislature (akleg.gov)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"lateInterest":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Alaska Statutes Title 31, Oil and Gas (complete title: chs. 05, 15, 25, 30), official print view, Alaska Statutes 2025 edition","url":"https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp?media=print&secStart=31&secEnd=31","publisher":"Alaska State Legislature (akleg.gov)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"suspense":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Alaska Statutes Title 31, Oil and Gas (complete title: chs. 05, 15, 25, 30), official print view, Alaska Statutes 2025 edition","url":"https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp?media=print&secStart=31&secEnd=31","publisher":"Alaska State Legislature (akleg.gov)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"divisionOrders":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Alaska Statutes Title 31, Oil and Gas (complete title: chs. 05, 15, 25, 30), official print view, Alaska Statutes 2025 edition","url":"https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp?media=print&secStart=31&secEnd=31","publisher":"Alaska State Legislature (akleg.gov)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"ownerRemedy":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Alaska Statutes Title 31, Oil and Gas (complete title: chs. 05, 15, 25, 30), official print view, Alaska Statutes 2025 edition","url":"https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp?media=print&secStart=31&secEnd=31","publisher":"Alaska State Legislature (akleg.gov)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"checkStub":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Alaska Statutes Title 31, Oil and Gas (complete title: chs. 05, 15, 25, 30), official print view, Alaska Statutes 2025 edition","url":"https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp?media=print&secStart=31&secEnd=31","publisher":"Alaska State Legislature (akleg.gov)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"escheat":{"status":"statute","headline":"Mineral proceeds presumed abandoned after three years","citations":["AS 34.45.760(11)(A)(vii)","AS 34.45.760(13)(B)","AS 34.45.110(a)","AS 34.45.120","AS 34.45.120(4)-(6)","AS 34.45.110(b)","AS 34.45.280(d)","AS 34.45.280(f)","AS 34.45.280(e)","AS 34.45.760(5)","Alaska Unclaimed Property Program home page"],"sources":[{"citation":"AS 34.45.760(11)(A)(vii)","title":"Alaska Statutes Title 34, Property (complete title, including ch. 45 Uniform Unclaimed Property Act, AS 34.45.010-34.45.780), official print view, Alaska Statutes 2025 edition","url":"https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp?media=print&secStart=34&secEnd=34","publisher":"Alaska State Legislature (akleg.gov)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"Alaska Unclaimed Property Program home page","title":"Alaska Unclaimed Property Program home page (State of Alaska). curl received HTTP 403 from CloudFront; fetched with Firecrawl basic proxy.","url":"https://unclaimedproperty.alaska.gov/","publisher":"State of Alaska, Department of Revenue, Unclaimed Property Program","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]}}},{"state":"Arkansas","abbr":"AR","slug":"arkansas","url":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/royalty-payment-law/arkansas","apiUrl":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/api/v1/royalty-payment-law/arkansas","actName":null,"lastReviewed":"2026-11-02","quickAnswer":"Arkansas requires first purchasers to begin paying oil and gas proceeds no later than six months after the date of first sale, then within 60 days after the end of the month in which later production is sold, or as the small-balance rule in § 15-74-601(b)(2) allows: annual payment when 12 months of proceeds total at least $10 but less than $150, and amounts under $10 held until production ceases or the payor gives up responsibility. Late amounts bear interest at 12% a year unless a written agreement sets another rate (Ark. Code Ann. § 15-74-601). An operator under a lease that does not pay royalties within 180 days after the oil or gas is marketed owes 12% a year on them, though it may remit annually when 12 months of royalties total $100 or less (§ 15-74-604(b)).","fields":{"firstPayment":{"status":"statute","headline":"No later than six months after the date of first sale","citations":["Ark. Code Ann. § 15-74-601(a)","Ark. Code Ann. § 15-74-601(b)(1)","Acts 1987, No. 94, § 2","Ark. Code Ann. § 15-74-604(b)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Ark. Code Ann. § 15-74-601(a)","title":"Stroud Production, LLC v. J-Lu Ltd. Co., 2024 Ark. App. 236 (opinion delivered Apr. 10, 2024) - quotes Ark. Code Ann. § 15-74-601(a) and (e) verbatim","url":"https://opinions.arcourts.gov/ark/courtofappeals/en/522679/1/document.do","publisher":"Arkansas Judiciary (official opinions site)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"Ark. Code Ann. § 15-74-601(a)","title":"Act 1062 of 2013 (HB2198) - amends Ark. Code §§ 15-74-601(a),(b), adds (g); 15-72-305(a)(5)(A). Session-law PDF; text = pdftotext -layout with margin line numbers stripped. Struck words appear in plain text and were checked against the page image.","url":"https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2013R%2FPublic%2F&file=1062.pdf&ddBienniumSession=2013%2F2013R","publisher":"Arkansas State Legislature (Bureau of Legislative Research)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"Acts 1987, No. 94, § 2","title":"Act 94 of 1987 (SB210) - source of current Ark. Code §§ 15-74-602 and 15-74-603 (no later amending Act found) and of the payment-statement list now in § 15-72-305(a)(5)","url":"https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/FTPDocument?ddBienniumSession=1987/R&file=94.pdf&path=/ACTS/1987/Public/","publisher":"Arkansas State Legislature (Bureau of Legislative Research)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"Ark. Code Ann. § 15-74-604(b)","title":"Act 1175 of 2009 (HB1580) - § 17 amends Ark. Code § 15-74-604(b); § 18 amends § 18-28-402(d). Session-law PDF; margin line numbers stripped; struck words checked against page image.","url":"https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2009%2FPublic%2F&file=1175.pdf&ddBienniumSession=2009%2FR","publisher":"Arkansas State Legislature (Bureau of Legislative Research)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"subsequentPayments":{"status":"statute","headline":"60 days after the end of the month of sale","citations":["Ark. Code Ann. § 15-74-601(a)","Ark. Code Ann. § 15-72-305(a)(5)(A)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Ark. Code Ann. § 15-74-601(a)","title":"Stroud Production, LLC v. J-Lu Ltd. Co., 2024 Ark. App. 236 (opinion delivered Apr. 10, 2024) - quotes Ark. Code Ann. § 15-74-601(a) and (e) verbatim","url":"https://opinions.arcourts.gov/ark/courtofappeals/en/522679/1/document.do","publisher":"Arkansas Judiciary (official opinions site)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"Ark. Code Ann. § 15-72-305(a)(5)(A)","title":"Act 1062 of 2013 (HB2198) - amends Ark. Code §§ 15-74-601(a),(b), adds (g); 15-72-305(a)(5)(A). Session-law PDF; text = pdftotext -layout with margin line numbers stripped. Struck words appear in plain text and were checked against the page image.","url":"https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2013R%2FPublic%2F&file=1062.pdf&ddBienniumSession=2013%2F2013R","publisher":"Arkansas State Legislature (Bureau of Legislative Research)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"minimumPayment":{"status":"statute","headline":"Annual under $150 (first purchasers); $100 or less (lease operators)","citations":["Ark. Code Ann. § 15-74-601(b)(1)","Ark. Code Ann. § 15-74-601(b)(2)","Ark. Code Ann. § 15-72-305(a)(5)(A)","Ark. Code Ann. § 15-74-604(b)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Ark. Code Ann. § 15-74-601(b)(1)","title":"Act 1062 of 2013 (HB2198) - amends Ark. Code §§ 15-74-601(a),(b), adds (g); 15-72-305(a)(5)(A). Session-law PDF; text = pdftotext -layout with margin line numbers stripped. Struck words appear in plain text and were checked against the page image.","url":"https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2013R%2FPublic%2F&file=1062.pdf&ddBienniumSession=2013%2F2013R","publisher":"Arkansas State Legislature (Bureau of Legislative Research)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"Ark. Code Ann. § 15-74-604(b)","title":"Act 1175 of 2009 (HB1580) - § 17 amends Ark. Code § 15-74-604(b); § 18 amends § 18-28-402(d). Session-law PDF; margin line numbers stripped; struck words checked against page image.","url":"https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2009%2FPublic%2F&file=1175.pdf&ddBienniumSession=2009%2FR","publisher":"Arkansas State Legislature (Bureau of Legislative Research)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"lateInterest":{"status":"statute","headline":"12% a year unless a written agreement sets another rate","citations":["Ark. Code Ann. § 15-74-601(e)","Ark. Code Ann. § 15-74-604(b)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Ark. Code Ann. § 15-74-601(e)","title":"Stroud Production, LLC v. J-Lu Ltd. Co., 2024 Ark. App. 236 (opinion delivered Apr. 10, 2024) - quotes Ark. Code Ann. § 15-74-601(a) and (e) verbatim","url":"https://opinions.arcourts.gov/ark/courtofappeals/en/522679/1/document.do","publisher":"Arkansas Judiciary (official opinions site)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"Ark. Code Ann. § 15-74-604(b)","title":"Act 1175 of 2009 (HB1580) - § 17 amends Ark. Code § 15-74-604(b); § 18 amends § 18-28-402(d). Session-law PDF; margin line numbers stripped; struck words checked against page image.","url":"https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2009%2FPublic%2F&file=1175.pdf&ddBienniumSession=2009%2FR","publisher":"Arkansas State Legislature (Bureau of Legislative Research)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"suspense":{"status":"statute","headline":"Escrow for unknown or unlocated owners after one year","citations":["Ark. Code Ann. § 15-74-604(b)","Ark. Code Ann. § 18-28-402(a)(1)","Ark. Code Ann. § 18-28-402(a)(3)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Ark. Code Ann. § 15-74-604(b)","title":"Act 1175 of 2009 (HB1580) - § 17 amends Ark. Code § 15-74-604(b); § 18 amends § 18-28-402(d). Session-law PDF; margin line numbers stripped; struck words checked against page image.","url":"https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2009%2FPublic%2F&file=1175.pdf&ddBienniumSession=2009%2FR","publisher":"Arkansas State Legislature (Bureau of Legislative Research)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"Ark. Code Ann. § 18-28-402(a)(1)","title":"Act 1039 of 2015 (HB1782) - amends Ark. Code §§ 18-28-202, 18-28-402, 18-28-403 (abandoned mineral proceeds: five years struck, three inserted; verified on page image). Margin line numbers stripped.","url":"https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2015%2FPublic%2F&file=1039.pdf&ddBienniumSession=2015%2F2015R","publisher":"Arkansas State Legislature (Bureau of Legislative Research)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"divisionOrders":{"status":"statute","headline":"Gas division orders must show listed items on the first page","citations":["Ark. Code Ann. § 15-74-101 (Acts 1987, No. 605, § 1)","Acts 1987, No. 605, § 2"],"sources":[{"citation":"Ark. Code Ann. § 15-74-101 (Acts 1987, No. 605, § 1)","title":"Act 605 of 1987 (HB1325) - source of Ark. Code § 15-74-101 (information required in gas division orders); no later amending Act found","url":"https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/FTPDocument?ddBienniumSession=1987/R&file=605.pdf&path=/ACTS/1987/Public/","publisher":"Arkansas State Legislature (Bureau of Legislative Research)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"ownerRemedy":{"status":"statute","headline":"Written notice; 30 days to respond; penalty and fees for willful withholding","citations":["Acts 1987, No. 94, § 3","Acts 1987, No. 94, § 2","Ark. Code Ann. § 15-72-325(d)(2) (Acts 2025, No. 1024)","Ark. Code Ann. § 15-72-1103(a)-(b) (Acts 2021, No. 275)","Acts 1987, No. 94, § 4","Acts 1987, No. 94, § 1"],"sources":[{"citation":"Acts 1987, No. 94, § 3","title":"Act 94 of 1987 (SB210) - source of current Ark. Code §§ 15-74-602 and 15-74-603 (no later amending Act found) and of the payment-statement list now in § 15-72-305(a)(5)","url":"https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/FTPDocument?ddBienniumSession=1987/R&file=94.pdf&path=/ACTS/1987/Public/","publisher":"Arkansas State Legislature (Bureau of Legislative Research)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"Ark. Code Ann. § 15-72-325(d)(2) (Acts 2025, No. 1024)","title":"Act 1024 of 2025 (HB1656) - adds Ark. Code § 15-72-325 (obligations of operators and working interest owners to mineral owners). Margin line numbers stripped.","url":"https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2025R%2FPublic%2F&file=1024.pdf&ddBienniumSession=2025%2F2025R","publisher":"Arkansas State Legislature (Bureau of Legislative Research)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"Ark. Code Ann. § 15-72-1103(a)-(b) (Acts 2021, No. 275)","title":"Act 275 of 2021 (HB1273) - Oil and Gas Owners' Lien Act of 2021, adds Ark. Code §§ 15-72-1101 et seq. Margin line numbers stripped. No later amending measure found in an arkleg full-text search of sessions 2021S1-2026S1.","url":"https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2021R%2FPublic%2F&file=275.pdf&ddBienniumSession=2021%2F2021R","publisher":"Arkansas State Legislature (Bureau of Legislative Research)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"checkStub":{"status":"statute","headline":"Integrated units: statutory list of items with each distribution","citations":["Ark. Code Ann. § 15-72-305(a)(5)(A)","Acts 1987, No. 94, § 1"],"sources":[{"citation":"Ark. Code Ann. § 15-72-305(a)(5)(A)","title":"Act 1062 of 2013 (HB2198) - amends Ark. Code §§ 15-74-601(a),(b), adds (g); 15-72-305(a)(5)(A). Session-law PDF; text = pdftotext -layout with margin line numbers stripped. Struck words appear in plain text and were checked against the page image.","url":"https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2013R%2FPublic%2F&file=1062.pdf&ddBienniumSession=2013%2F2013R","publisher":"Arkansas State Legislature (Bureau of Legislative Research)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"Acts 1987, No. 94, § 1","title":"Act 94 of 1987 (SB210) - source of current Ark. Code §§ 15-74-602 and 15-74-603 (no later amending Act found) and of the payment-statement list now in § 15-72-305(a)(5)","url":"https://arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/FTPDocument?ddBienniumSession=1987/R&file=94.pdf&path=/ACTS/1987/Public/","publisher":"Arkansas State Legislature (Bureau of Legislative Research)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"escheat":{"status":"statute","headline":"Mineral proceeds presumed abandoned after three years","citations":["Ark. Code Ann. § 18-28-403(a)(1)(A)","Ark. Code Ann. § 18-28-403(a)(1)(B)","Arkansas Auditor of State, holder FAQ (citing A.C.A. § 18-28-201(9))","Ark. Code Ann. § 18-28-403(a)(2)(A)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Ark. Code Ann. § 18-28-403(a)(1)(A)","title":"Act 1039 of 2015 (HB1782) - amends Ark. Code §§ 18-28-202, 18-28-402, 18-28-403 (abandoned mineral proceeds: five years struck, three inserted; verified on page image). Margin line numbers stripped.","url":"https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Acts/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2015%2FPublic%2F&file=1039.pdf&ddBienniumSession=2015%2F2015R","publisher":"Arkansas State Legislature (Bureau of Legislative Research)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"Arkansas Auditor of State, holder FAQ (citing A.C.A. § 18-28-201(9))","title":"Arkansas Auditor of State - Unclaimed Property holder FAQ","url":"https://auditor.ar.gov/report-property/https-auditor-ar-gov-report-property-faq/","publisher":"Arkansas Auditor of State","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]}}},{"state":"California","abbr":"CA","slug":"california","url":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/royalty-payment-law/california","apiUrl":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/api/v1/royalty-payment-law/california","actName":null,"lastReviewed":"2026-11-02","quickAnswer":"We found no California statute that sets a deadline, interest, minimum-payment rule, suspense rule, division-order rule, owner remedy or check-stub requirement for oil and gas royalty payments to private owners (Public Resources Code Division 3 read in full; every California code, the Civil Code included, searched for royalty provisions and each oil and gas hit read). Under Code of Civil Procedure § 1520, unclaimed intangible property outside the listed classes escheats to California after more than three years, but only when § 1510's conditions are met (for example, the owner's last known address on the holder's records is in California); the State Controller's Office holds it.","fields":{"firstPayment":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"California Public Resources Code, Division 3 (Oil and Gas), §§ 3000-3865, all active sections. Extracted from the Legislative Counsel's official bulk data file pubinfo_2025.zip (last modified 2026-11-01; LAW_SECTION_TBL active sections; XML tags removed). leginfo.legislature.ca.gov returns HTTP 403 to curl; the bulk download host served the file normally.","url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayexpandedbranch.xhtml?tocCode=PRC&division=3.&title=&part=&chapter=&article=","fetchedFrom":"https://downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/pubinfo_2025.zip","publisher":"California Legislative Counsel (official bulk data, downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"subsequentPayments":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"California Public Resources Code, Division 3 (Oil and Gas), §§ 3000-3865, all active sections. Extracted from the Legislative Counsel's official bulk data file pubinfo_2025.zip (last modified 2026-11-01; LAW_SECTION_TBL active sections; XML tags removed). leginfo.legislature.ca.gov returns HTTP 403 to curl; the bulk download host served the file normally.","url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayexpandedbranch.xhtml?tocCode=PRC&division=3.&title=&part=&chapter=&article=","fetchedFrom":"https://downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/pubinfo_2025.zip","publisher":"California Legislative Counsel (official bulk data, downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"minimumPayment":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"California Public Resources Code, Division 3 (Oil and Gas), §§ 3000-3865, all active sections. Extracted from the Legislative Counsel's official bulk data file pubinfo_2025.zip (last modified 2026-11-01; LAW_SECTION_TBL active sections; XML tags removed). leginfo.legislature.ca.gov returns HTTP 403 to curl; the bulk download host served the file normally.","url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayexpandedbranch.xhtml?tocCode=PRC&division=3.&title=&part=&chapter=&article=","fetchedFrom":"https://downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/pubinfo_2025.zip","publisher":"California Legislative Counsel (official bulk data, downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"lateInterest":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"California Public Resources Code, Division 3 (Oil and Gas), §§ 3000-3865, all active sections. Extracted from the Legislative Counsel's official bulk data file pubinfo_2025.zip (last modified 2026-11-01; LAW_SECTION_TBL active sections; XML tags removed). leginfo.legislature.ca.gov returns HTTP 403 to curl; the bulk download host served the file normally.","url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayexpandedbranch.xhtml?tocCode=PRC&division=3.&title=&part=&chapter=&article=","fetchedFrom":"https://downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/pubinfo_2025.zip","publisher":"California Legislative Counsel (official bulk data, downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"suspense":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"California Public Resources Code, Division 3 (Oil and Gas), §§ 3000-3865, all active sections. Extracted from the Legislative Counsel's official bulk data file pubinfo_2025.zip (last modified 2026-11-01; LAW_SECTION_TBL active sections; XML tags removed). leginfo.legislature.ca.gov returns HTTP 403 to curl; the bulk download host served the file normally.","url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayexpandedbranch.xhtml?tocCode=PRC&division=3.&title=&part=&chapter=&article=","fetchedFrom":"https://downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/pubinfo_2025.zip","publisher":"California Legislative Counsel (official bulk data, downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"divisionOrders":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"California Public Resources Code, Division 3 (Oil and Gas), §§ 3000-3865, all active sections. Extracted from the Legislative Counsel's official bulk data file pubinfo_2025.zip (last modified 2026-11-01; LAW_SECTION_TBL active sections; XML tags removed). leginfo.legislature.ca.gov returns HTTP 403 to curl; the bulk download host served the file normally.","url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayexpandedbranch.xhtml?tocCode=PRC&division=3.&title=&part=&chapter=&article=","fetchedFrom":"https://downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/pubinfo_2025.zip","publisher":"California Legislative Counsel (official bulk data, downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"ownerRemedy":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"California Public Resources Code, Division 3 (Oil and Gas), §§ 3000-3865, all active sections. Extracted from the Legislative Counsel's official bulk data file pubinfo_2025.zip (last modified 2026-11-01; LAW_SECTION_TBL active sections; XML tags removed). leginfo.legislature.ca.gov returns HTTP 403 to curl; the bulk download host served the file normally.","url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayexpandedbranch.xhtml?tocCode=PRC&division=3.&title=&part=&chapter=&article=","fetchedFrom":"https://downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/pubinfo_2025.zip","publisher":"California Legislative Counsel (official bulk data, downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"checkStub":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"California Public Resources Code, Division 3 (Oil and Gas), §§ 3000-3865, all active sections. Extracted from the Legislative Counsel's official bulk data file pubinfo_2025.zip (last modified 2026-11-01; LAW_SECTION_TBL active sections; XML tags removed). leginfo.legislature.ca.gov returns HTTP 403 to curl; the bulk download host served the file normally.","url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displayexpandedbranch.xhtml?tocCode=PRC&division=3.&title=&part=&chapter=&article=","fetchedFrom":"https://downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/pubinfo_2025.zip","publisher":"California Legislative Counsel (official bulk data, downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"escheat":{"status":"statute","headline":"No royalty class; residual three-year rule (CCP § 1520)","citations":["Cal. Code Civ. Proc. § 1520(a)","Cal. Code Civ. Proc. § 1510","Cal. Code Civ. Proc. § 1520(b)","Cal. Code Civ. Proc. § 1530(d)","California State Controller's Office, Search for Unclaimed Property"],"sources":[{"citation":"Cal. Code Civ. Proc. § 1520(a)","title":"California Code of Civil Procedure §§ 1500-1521 (Unclaimed Property Law: definitions and escheat classes; § 1520 as amended by Stats. 2025, Ch. 660 (SB 822)). Extracted from the Legislative Counsel's official bulk data file pubinfo_2025.zip (last modified 2026-11-01; LAW_SECTION_TBL active sections; XML tags removed). leginfo.legislature.ca.gov returns HTTP 403 to curl; the bulk download host served the file normally.","url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CCP&sectionNum=1520.","fetchedFrom":"https://downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/pubinfo_2025.zip","publisher":"California Legislative Counsel (official bulk data, downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"Cal. Code Civ. Proc. § 1510","title":"California Code of Civil Procedure § 1510 (when intangible property escheats to California: owner address and holder domicile). Same official bulk data extract as §§ 1500-1521 above.","url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CCP&sectionNum=1510.","fetchedFrom":"https://downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/pubinfo_2025.zip","publisher":"California Legislative Counsel (official bulk data, downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"Cal. Code Civ. Proc. § 1530(d)","title":"California Code of Civil Procedure, all active sections. Extracted from the Legislative Counsel's official bulk data file pubinfo_2025.zip (last modified 2026-11-01; LAW_SECTION_TBL active sections; XML tags removed). leginfo.legislature.ca.gov returns HTTP 403 to curl; the bulk download host served the file normally.","url":"https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=CCP&sectionNum=1530.","fetchedFrom":"https://downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/pubinfo_2025.zip","publisher":"California Legislative Counsel (official bulk data, downloads.leginfo.legislature.ca.gov)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"California State Controller's Office, Search for Unclaimed Property","title":"Search for Unclaimed Property, California State Controller's Office (excerpt of main content)","url":"https://www.sco.ca.gov/search_upd.html","publisher":"California State Controller's Office","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]}}},{"state":"Colorado","abbr":"CO","slug":"colorado","url":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/royalty-payment-law/colorado","apiUrl":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/api/v1/royalty-payment-law/colorado","actName":"C.R.S. § 34-60-118.5 (payment of proceeds)","lastReviewed":"2026-11-02","quickAnswer":"For payees other than the State of Colorado, and unless a valid lease or other agreement provides otherwise, Colorado requires the first payment no later than six months after the end of the month in which production is first sold, then monthly within 60 days for oil and 90 days for gas after the month of sale (C.R.S. § 34-60-118.5). Late payments earn simple interest at twice the Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City discount rate, and before seeking relief under the section a payee must give written notice by certified mail and allow the payer 20 days.","fields":{"firstPayment":{"status":"statute","headline":"Unless agreed otherwise: six months after the end of the month of first sale","citations":["C.R.S. § 34-60-118.5(1)(a)","C.R.S. § 34-60-118.5(2)(a)","C.R.S. § 34-60-118.5(2)(b)","C.R.S. § 34-60-118.5(1)(b)"],"sources":[{"citation":"C.R.S. § 34-60-118.5(1)(a)","title":"Colorado Revised Statutes 2024, Title 34 (Mineral Resources), uncertified printout; includes C.R.S. 34-60-118.5. No 2025 edition of this PDF was published at the legislature's crs2025 URL pattern on 2026-11-02 (404).","url":"https://leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2024-title-34.pdf","publisher":"Colorado Office of Legislative Legal Services","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"subsequentPayments":{"status":"statute","headline":"Unless agreed otherwise: 60 days (oil) or 90 days (gas) after the month of sale","citations":["C.R.S. § 34-60-118.5(2)(a)"],"sources":[{"citation":"C.R.S. § 34-60-118.5(2)(a)","title":"Colorado Revised Statutes 2024, Title 34 (Mineral Resources), uncertified printout; includes C.R.S. 34-60-118.5. No 2025 edition of this PDF was published at the legislature's crs2025 URL pattern on 2026-11-02 (404).","url":"https://leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2024-title-34.pdf","publisher":"Colorado Office of Legislative Legal Services","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"minimumPayment":{"status":"statute","headline":"Unless agreed otherwise: may pay annually when $100 or less is due over twelve months","citations":["C.R.S. § 34-60-118.5(2)(a)"],"sources":[{"citation":"C.R.S. § 34-60-118.5(2)(a)","title":"Colorado Revised Statutes 2024, Title 34 (Mineral Resources), uncertified printout; includes C.R.S. 34-60-118.5. No 2025 edition of this PDF was published at the legislature's crs2025 URL pattern on 2026-11-02 (404).","url":"https://leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2024-title-34.pdf","publisher":"Colorado Office of Legislative Legal Services","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"lateInterest":{"status":"statute","headline":"Simple interest at twice the Kansas City Fed discount rate (not on payments withheld for the statutory reasons)","citations":["C.R.S. § 34-60-118.5(4)"],"sources":[{"citation":"C.R.S. § 34-60-118.5(4)","title":"Colorado Revised Statutes 2024, Title 34 (Mineral Resources), uncertified printout; includes C.R.S. 34-60-118.5. No 2025 edition of this PDF was published at the legislature's crs2025 URL pattern on 2026-11-02 (404).","url":"https://leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2024-title-34.pdf","publisher":"Colorado Office of Legislative Legal Services","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"suspense":{"status":"statute","headline":"Deadlines suspended for unconfirmed interests, title doubts or litigation","citations":["C.R.S. § 34-60-118.5(3)(a)(I)","C.R.S. § 34-60-118.5(3)(a)(II)-(III)","C.R.S. § 34-60-118.5(3)(b)","C.R.S. § 34-60-118.5(4)"],"sources":[{"citation":"C.R.S. § 34-60-118.5(3)(a)(I)","title":"Colorado Revised Statutes 2024, Title 34 (Mineral Resources), uncertified printout; includes C.R.S. 34-60-118.5. No 2025 edition of this PDF was published at the legislature's crs2025 URL pattern on 2026-11-02 (404).","url":"https://leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2024-title-34.pdf","publisher":"Colorado Office of Legislative Legal Services","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"divisionOrders":{"status":"statute","headline":"Only: a unit order does not terminate an existing division order","citations":["C.R.S. § 34-60-118(11)"],"sources":[{"citation":"C.R.S. § 34-60-118(11)","title":"Colorado Revised Statutes 2024, Title 34 (Mineral Resources), uncertified printout; includes C.R.S. 34-60-118.5. No 2025 edition of this PDF was published at the legislature's crs2025 URL pattern on 2026-11-02 (404).","url":"https://leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2024-title-34.pdf","publisher":"Colorado Office of Legislative Legal Services","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"ownerRemedy":{"status":"statute","headline":"Certified-mail notice; payer has 20 days; ECMC hearing","citations":["C.R.S. § 34-60-118.5(7)","C.R.S. § 34-60-118.5(5)","C.R.S. § 34-60-118.5(5.5)","C.R.S. § 34-60-118.5(6)","C.R.S. § 34-60-118.5(8)(a)"],"sources":[{"citation":"C.R.S. § 34-60-118.5(7)","title":"Colorado Revised Statutes 2024, Title 34 (Mineral Resources), uncertified printout; includes C.R.S. 34-60-118.5. No 2025 edition of this PDF was published at the legislature's crs2025 URL pattern on 2026-11-02 (404).","url":"https://leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2024-title-34.pdf","publisher":"Colorado Office of Legislative Legal Services","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"checkStub":{"status":"statute","headline":"Statutory list of items with every payment","citations":["C.R.S. § 34-60-118.5(2.3)","C.R.S. § 34-60-118.5(2.3)(a)-(b)","C.R.S. § 34-60-118.5(2.3)(c)-(d)","C.R.S. § 34-60-118.5(2.3)(e)-(f)","C.R.S. § 34-60-118.5(2.3)(g)-(i)","C.R.S. § 34-60-118.5(2.5)","C.R.S. § 34-60-118.5(2.7)"],"sources":[{"citation":"C.R.S. § 34-60-118.5(2.3)","title":"Colorado Revised Statutes 2025, Title 34, Article 60 (Energy and Carbon Management Act), as posted by the Energy and Carbon Management Commission (regulator's copy of the 2025 CRS text; curl returned 403, fetched via Firecrawl PDF parser)","url":"https://ecmc.colorado.gov/sites/g/files/lrnvjt1211/files/documents/2025_Act.pdf","publisher":"Colorado Energy and Carbon Management Commission","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"C.R.S. § 34-60-118.5(2.5)","title":"Colorado Revised Statutes 2024, Title 34 (Mineral Resources), uncertified printout; includes C.R.S. 34-60-118.5. No 2025 edition of this PDF was published at the legislature's crs2025 URL pattern on 2026-11-02 (404).","url":"https://leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2024-title-34.pdf","publisher":"Colorado Office of Legislative Legal Services","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"escheat":{"status":"statute","headline":"No mineral-specific period; 3-year catch-all","citations":["C.R.S. § 38-13-102(16)","C.R.S. § 38-13-201(1)(m)","C.R.S. § 38-13-201(1)(d)","Colorado State Treasury, Unclaimed Property page"],"sources":[{"citation":"C.R.S. § 38-13-102(16)","title":"Colorado Revised Statutes 2024, Title 38 (Property - Real and Personal), uncertified printout; includes Article 13, Revised Uniform Unclaimed Property Act","url":"https://content.leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2024-title-38.pdf","publisher":"Colorado Office of Legislative Legal Services","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"Colorado State Treasury, Unclaimed Property page","title":"Unclaimed Property (Great Colorado Payback), Colorado State Treasury","url":"https://treasury.colorado.gov/programs/unclaimed-property","publisher":"Colorado State Treasury","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]}}},{"state":"Florida","abbr":"FL","slug":"florida","url":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/royalty-payment-law/florida","apiUrl":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/api/v1/royalty-payment-law/florida","actName":null,"lastReviewed":"2026-11-02","quickAnswer":"We found no Florida statute that sets a deadline, interest, minimum-payment rule, division-order rule, owner remedy or check-stub requirement for oil and gas royalty payments to known owners (Fla. Stat. ch. 377 Part I). For an unknown or unlocated minority owner in a drilling unit, the operator may seek a receivership order and pay the owner's royalty share into the Minerals Trust Fund (s. 377.247).","fields":{"firstPayment":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Fla. Stat. Chapter 377 (Energy Resources), entire chapter - The 2026 Florida Statutes","url":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0300-0399/0377/0377.html","publisher":"The Florida Legislature (Online Sunshine)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"subsequentPayments":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Fla. Stat. Chapter 377 (Energy Resources), entire chapter - The 2026 Florida Statutes","url":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0300-0399/0377/0377.html","publisher":"The Florida Legislature (Online Sunshine)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"minimumPayment":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Fla. Stat. Chapter 377 (Energy Resources), entire chapter - The 2026 Florida Statutes","url":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0300-0399/0377/0377.html","publisher":"The Florida Legislature (Online Sunshine)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"lateInterest":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Fla. Stat. Chapter 377 (Energy Resources), entire chapter - The 2026 Florida Statutes","url":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0300-0399/0377/0377.html","publisher":"The Florida Legislature (Online Sunshine)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"suspense":{"status":"statute","headline":"Unknown or unlocated owners: royalties paid into the Minerals Trust Fund","citations":["Fla. Stat. § 377.247(1)","Fla. Stat. § 377.247(2)(b)","Fla. Stat. § 377.247(3)","Fla. Stat. § 377.247(4)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Fla. Stat. § 377.247(1)","title":"Fla. Stat. Chapter 377 (Energy Resources), entire chapter - The 2026 Florida Statutes","url":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0300-0399/0377/0377.html","publisher":"The Florida Legislature (Online Sunshine)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"divisionOrders":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Fla. Stat. Chapter 377 (Energy Resources), entire chapter - The 2026 Florida Statutes","url":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0300-0399/0377/0377.html","publisher":"The Florida Legislature (Online Sunshine)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"ownerRemedy":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Fla. Stat. Chapter 377 (Energy Resources), entire chapter - The 2026 Florida Statutes","url":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0300-0399/0377/0377.html","publisher":"The Florida Legislature (Online Sunshine)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"checkStub":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Fla. Stat. Chapter 377 (Energy Resources), entire chapter - The 2026 Florida Statutes","url":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0300-0399/0377/0377.html","publisher":"The Florida Legislature (Online Sunshine)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"escheat":{"status":"statute","headline":"Five years for business-held property; Minerals Trust Fund royalties five years after first production","citations":["Fla. Stat. § 717.102(1)","Fla. Stat. § 717.101(20)(a)","Fla. Stat. § 717.102(3)","Fla. Stat. § 717.113","Fla. Stat. § 377.247(6)","Fla. Stat. § 717.101(13)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Fla. Stat. § 717.102(1)","title":"Fla. Stat. Chapter 717 (Disposition of Unclaimed Property), entire chapter - The 2026 Florida Statutes (717.102 as amended by ch. 2026-174)","url":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0700-0799/0717/0717.html","publisher":"The Florida Legislature (Online Sunshine)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"Fla. Stat. § 377.247(6)","title":"Fla. Stat. Chapter 377 (Energy Resources), entire chapter - The 2026 Florida Statutes","url":"https://www.leg.state.fl.us/statutes/index.cfm?App_mode=Display_Statute&URL=0300-0399/0377/0377.html","publisher":"The Florida Legislature (Online Sunshine)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]}}},{"state":"Illinois","abbr":"IL","slug":"illinois","url":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/royalty-payment-law/illinois","apiUrl":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/api/v1/royalty-payment-law/illinois","actName":"Oil and Gas Rights Act, 765 ILCS 520/10","lastReviewed":"2026-11-02","quickAnswer":"Illinois requires payment of oil and gas proceeds on or before 150 days after the end of the month of first purchase, then on the lease schedule or, if none is set, within 60 days (oil) or 90 days (gas) after the month of sale (765 ILCS 520/10). Late payments carry interest at the rate the New York Federal Reserve Bank charges on loans to depository institutions, and a payee must give written notice and allow the payor 30 days before suing.","fields":{"firstPayment":{"status":"statute","headline":"On or before 150 days after the end of the month of first purchase","citations":["765 ILCS 520/10(2)(a)","765 ILCS 520/10(1)(b)"],"sources":[{"citation":"765 ILCS 520/10(2)(a)","title":"765 ILCS 520/10 (Oil and Gas Rights Act, Sec. 10) - payment of proceeds; interest; notice (Source: P.A. 99-129, eff. 1-1-16)","url":"https://ilga.gov/documents/legislation/ilcs/documents/076505200K10.htm","publisher":"Illinois General Assembly","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"subsequentPayments":{"status":"statute","headline":"On the lease schedule; if none, 60 days (oil) or 90 days (gas)","citations":["765 ILCS 520/10(2)(a)","765 ILCS 520/10(2)(a)(1)","765 ILCS 520/10(2)(a)(2)"],"sources":[{"citation":"765 ILCS 520/10(2)(a)","title":"765 ILCS 520/10 (Oil and Gas Rights Act, Sec. 10) - payment of proceeds; interest; notice (Source: P.A. 99-129, eff. 1-1-16)","url":"https://ilga.gov/documents/legislation/ilcs/documents/076505200K10.htm","publisher":"Illinois General Assembly","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"minimumPayment":{"status":"statute","headline":"May pay annually when $100 or less is owed","citations":["765 ILCS 520/10(2)(b)"],"sources":[{"citation":"765 ILCS 520/10(2)(b)","title":"765 ILCS 520/10 (Oil and Gas Rights Act, Sec. 10) - payment of proceeds; interest; notice (Source: P.A. 99-129, eff. 1-1-16)","url":"https://ilga.gov/documents/legislation/ilcs/documents/076505200K10.htm","publisher":"Illinois General Assembly","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"lateInterest":{"status":"statute","headline":"The New York Fed rate on loans to depository institutions","citations":["765 ILCS 520/10(3)(a)"],"sources":[{"citation":"765 ILCS 520/10(3)(a)","title":"765 ILCS 520/10 (Oil and Gas Rights Act, Sec. 10) - payment of proceeds; interest; notice (Source: P.A. 99-129, eff. 1-1-16)","url":"https://ilga.gov/documents/legislation/ilcs/documents/076505200K10.htm","publisher":"Illinois General Assembly","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"suspense":{"status":"statute","headline":"No interest when withheld for a title dispute or title doubts","citations":["765 ILCS 520/10(3)(b)(1)-(2)","765 ILCS 520/10(3)(b)(3)"],"sources":[{"citation":"765 ILCS 520/10(3)(b)(1)-(2)","title":"765 ILCS 520/10 (Oil and Gas Rights Act, Sec. 10) - payment of proceeds; interest; notice (Source: P.A. 99-129, eff. 1-1-16)","url":"https://ilga.gov/documents/legislation/ilcs/documents/076505200K10.htm","publisher":"Illinois General Assembly","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"divisionOrders":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"765 ILCS 520 - Oil and Gas Rights Act (full act)","url":"https://ilga.gov/Legislation/ILCS/Articles?ActID=2195&ChapterID=62&Print=True","publisher":"Illinois General Assembly","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"ownerRemedy":{"status":"statute","headline":"Written notice first; payor has 30 days; suit in the county of the well","citations":["765 ILCS 520/10(4)(a)","765 ILCS 520/10(4)(b)","765 ILCS 520/10(4)(c)"],"sources":[{"citation":"765 ILCS 520/10(4)(a)","title":"765 ILCS 520/10 (Oil and Gas Rights Act, Sec. 10) - payment of proceeds; interest; notice (Source: P.A. 99-129, eff. 1-1-16)","url":"https://ilga.gov/documents/legislation/ilcs/documents/076505200K10.htm","publisher":"Illinois General Assembly","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"checkStub":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"765 ILCS 520 - Oil and Gas Rights Act (full act)","url":"https://ilga.gov/Legislation/ILCS/Articles?ActID=2195&ChapterID=62&Print=True","publisher":"Illinois General Assembly","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"escheat":{"status":"statute","headline":"No royalty-specific period found; 3 years for business debts","citations":["765 ILCS 1026/15-201(5)","765 ILCS 1026/15-201(15)","765 ILCS 1026/15-201"],"sources":[{"citation":"765 ILCS 1026/15-201(5)","title":"765 ILCS 1026/15-201 (Revised Uniform Unclaimed Property Act) - When property presumed abandoned (Source: P.A. 103-977, eff. 1-1-25)","url":"https://ilga.gov/documents/legislation/ilcs/documents/076510260K15-201.htm","publisher":"Illinois General Assembly","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]}}},{"state":"Indiana","abbr":"IN","slug":"indiana","url":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/royalty-payment-law/indiana","apiUrl":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/api/v1/royalty-payment-law/indiana","actName":"IC 32-23-9 (payment by crude oil purchasers)","lastReviewed":"2026-11-02","quickAnswer":"Indiana's payment statute applies to purchasers of crude oil from Indiana wells: payment is due not more than 60 days after examination and approval of the owners' abstracts of title and receipt of executed division orders, and a purchaser that misses it owes interest at 6% per year on the unpaid balance (IC 32-23-9). We found no Indiana statute on gas royalty payment timing, minimum payments or check stubs.","fields":{"firstPayment":{"status":"statute","headline":"Crude oil: within 60 days after title approval and executed division orders","citations":["IC 32-23-9-1(1)","IC 32-23-9-1(2)"],"sources":[{"citation":"IC 32-23-9-1(1)","title":"IC 32-23-9 (Oil and Gas: Purchase of and Payment for Crude Oil), 2026 Indiana Code, Title 32 (official IGA HTML; extracted by element id via Firecrawl because the site blocks plain HTTP clients)","url":"https://iga.in.gov/ic/2026/Title_32.html#32-23-9","publisher":"Indiana General Assembly","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"subsequentPayments":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"IC 32-23-9 (Oil and Gas: Purchase of and Payment for Crude Oil), 2026 Indiana Code, Title 32 (official IGA HTML; extracted by element id via Firecrawl because the site blocks plain HTTP clients)","url":"https://iga.in.gov/ic/2026/Title_32.html#32-23-9","publisher":"Indiana General Assembly","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"minimumPayment":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"IC 32-23-9 (Oil and Gas: Purchase of and Payment for Crude Oil), 2026 Indiana Code, Title 32 (official IGA HTML; extracted by element id via Firecrawl because the site blocks plain HTTP clients)","url":"https://iga.in.gov/ic/2026/Title_32.html#32-23-9","publisher":"Indiana General Assembly","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"lateInterest":{"status":"statute","headline":"Crude oil: 6% per year on the unpaid balance","citations":["IC 32-23-9-2","IC 32-23-9-2(2)"],"sources":[{"citation":"IC 32-23-9-2","title":"IC 32-23-9 (Oil and Gas: Purchase of and Payment for Crude Oil), 2026 Indiana Code, Title 32 (official IGA HTML; extracted by element id via Firecrawl because the site blocks plain HTTP clients)","url":"https://iga.in.gov/ic/2026/Title_32.html#32-23-9","publisher":"Indiana General Assembly","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"suspense":{"status":"statute","headline":"Payment not due until title is approved and division orders are signed","citations":["IC 32-23-9-1(1)","IC 32-23-9-2(2)"],"sources":[{"citation":"IC 32-23-9-1(1)","title":"IC 32-23-9 (Oil and Gas: Purchase of and Payment for Crude Oil), 2026 Indiana Code, Title 32 (official IGA HTML; extracted by element id via Firecrawl because the site blocks plain HTTP clients)","url":"https://iga.in.gov/ic/2026/Title_32.html#32-23-9","publisher":"Indiana General Assembly","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"divisionOrders":{"status":"statute","headline":"Executed division orders are a condition of crude oil payment","citations":["IC 32-23-9-1(2)"],"sources":[{"citation":"IC 32-23-9-1(2)","title":"IC 32-23-9 (Oil and Gas: Purchase of and Payment for Crude Oil), 2026 Indiana Code, Title 32 (official IGA HTML; extracted by element id via Firecrawl because the site blocks plain HTTP clients)","url":"https://iga.in.gov/ic/2026/Title_32.html#32-23-9","publisher":"Indiana General Assembly","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"ownerRemedy":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"IC 32-23-9 (Oil and Gas: Purchase of and Payment for Crude Oil), 2026 Indiana Code, Title 32 (official IGA HTML; extracted by element id via Firecrawl because the site blocks plain HTTP clients)","url":"https://iga.in.gov/ic/2026/Title_32.html#32-23-9","publisher":"Indiana General Assembly","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"checkStub":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"IC 32-23-9 (Oil and Gas: Purchase of and Payment for Crude Oil), 2026 Indiana Code, Title 32 (official IGA HTML; extracted by element id via Firecrawl because the site blocks plain HTTP clients)","url":"https://iga.in.gov/ic/2026/Title_32.html#32-23-9","publisher":"Indiana General Assembly","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"escheat":{"status":"statute","headline":"No mineral-specific period; 3 years for business debts","citations":["IC 32-34-1.5-3(17)","IC 32-34-1.5-3(17)(B)","IC 32-34-1.5-3(24)(B)(ii)","IC 32-34-1.5-4(4)","IC 32-34-1.5-4(13)"],"sources":[{"citation":"IC 32-34-1.5-3(17)","title":"IC 32-34-1.5-3 (Revised Unclaimed Property Act definitions), excerpt of subdivisions 13, 17, 24; 2026 Indiana Code","url":"https://iga.in.gov/ic/2026/Title_32.html#32-34-1.5-3","publisher":"Indiana General Assembly","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"IC 32-34-1.5-4(4)","title":"IC 32-34-1.5-4 Presumption of abandonment (as amended by P.L.101-2023), 2026 Indiana Code","url":"https://iga.in.gov/ic/2026/Title_32.html#32-34-1.5-4","publisher":"Indiana General Assembly","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]}}},{"state":"Kansas","abbr":"KS","slug":"kansas","url":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/royalty-payment-law/kansas","apiUrl":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/api/v1/royalty-payment-law/kansas","actName":"K.S.A. 55-1614 to 55-1622b (interest on late oil and gas payments and payment statements)","lastReviewed":"2026-11-03","quickAnswer":"Kansas sets when interest starts rather than a payment deadline: interest begins 60 days after the last day of the month of sale, and for sales in the first 60 days after a well's initial sale (the first sale after production begins, not counting frac or swab oil) no interest runs if payment is mailed within 120 days after the end of the month of initial sale (K.S.A. 55-1615). The rate is 1.5 percentage points above the rate the New York Federal Reserve Bank charges on loans to depository institutions, and the prevailing party may recover reasonable attorney fees at the court's discretion.","fields":{"firstPayment":{"status":"statute","headline":"No deadline as such; interest-free if mailed within 120 days of the month of initial sale","citations":["K.S.A. 55-1615","K.S.A. 55-1614(f)"],"sources":[{"citation":"K.S.A. 55-1615","title":"K.S.A. 55-1615 — Interest on certain payments required; commencement and amount of payments; exception","url":"https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch55/055_016_0015.html","publisher":"Kansas Office of Revisor of Statutes","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"K.S.A. 55-1614(f)","title":"K.S.A. 55-1614 — Interest payments on payments from oil or gas production; definitions","url":"https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch55/055_016_0014.html","publisher":"Kansas Office of Revisor of Statutes","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"subsequentPayments":{"status":"statute","headline":"Interest runs from 60 days after the last day of the month of sale (not on excluded small accumulations)","citations":["K.S.A. 55-1614(i)","K.S.A. 55-1615","K.S.A. 55-1614(d)"],"sources":[{"citation":"K.S.A. 55-1614(i)","title":"K.S.A. 55-1614 — Interest payments on payments from oil or gas production; definitions","url":"https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch55/055_016_0014.html","publisher":"Kansas Office of Revisor of Statutes","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"K.S.A. 55-1615","title":"K.S.A. 55-1615 — Interest on certain payments required; commencement and amount of payments; exception","url":"https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch55/055_016_0015.html","publisher":"Kansas Office of Revisor of Statutes","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"minimumPayment":{"status":"statute","headline":"$100 or less over 12 months may be paid annually","citations":["K.S.A. 55-1614(i)(1)","K.S.A. 55-1614(i)(2)","K.S.A. 55-1614(i)"],"sources":[{"citation":"K.S.A. 55-1614(i)(1)","title":"K.S.A. 55-1614 — Interest payments on payments from oil or gas production; definitions","url":"https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch55/055_016_0014.html","publisher":"Kansas Office of Revisor of Statutes","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"lateInterest":{"status":"statute","headline":"1.5 points above the New York Fed rate on loans to depository institutions","citations":["K.S.A. 55-1618","K.S.A. 55-1614(h)","K.S.A. 55-1615","K.S.A. 55-1616"],"sources":[{"citation":"K.S.A. 55-1618","title":"K.S.A. 55-1618 — Nonapplicability to certain interest payments","url":"https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch55/055_016_0018.html","publisher":"Kansas Office of Revisor of Statutes","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"K.S.A. 55-1614(h)","title":"K.S.A. 55-1614 — Interest payments on payments from oil or gas production; definitions","url":"https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch55/055_016_0014.html","publisher":"Kansas Office of Revisor of Statutes","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"K.S.A. 55-1615","title":"K.S.A. 55-1615 — Interest on certain payments required; commencement and amount of payments; exception","url":"https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch55/055_016_0015.html","publisher":"Kansas Office of Revisor of Statutes","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"K.S.A. 55-1616","title":"K.S.A. 55-1616 — Force and effect of waivers","url":"https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch55/055_016_0016.html","publisher":"Kansas Office of Revisor of Statutes","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"suspense":{"status":"statute","headline":"No general suspense statute; receiver-leased minority interests held in suspense","citations":["K.S.A. 55-221"],"sources":[{"citation":"K.S.A. 55-221","title":"K.S.A. 55-221 — Duties of receiver for minority mineral interest; duties of court","url":"https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch55/055_002_0021.html","publisher":"Kansas Office of Revisor of Statutes","fetchedOn":"2026-11-03"}]},"divisionOrders":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"K.S.A. 55-1614 — Interest payments on payments from oil or gas production; definitions","url":"https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch55/055_016_0014.html","publisher":"Kansas Office of Revisor of Statutes","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"ownerRemedy":{"status":"statute","headline":"Suit in the county of production; attorney fees at the court's discretion","citations":["K.S.A. 55-1617","K.S.A. 55-1619","K.S.A. 55-1622b(b)","K.S.A. 55-1622b(a)"],"sources":[{"citation":"K.S.A. 55-1617","title":"K.S.A. 55-1617 — Jurisdiction of court to settle disputes; attorney fees","url":"https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch55/055_016_0017.html","publisher":"Kansas Office of Revisor of Statutes","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"K.S.A. 55-1619","title":"K.S.A. 55-1619 — Rights of payee not limited or impaired","url":"https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch55/055_016_0019.html","publisher":"Kansas Office of Revisor of Statutes","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"K.S.A. 55-1622b(b)","title":"K.S.A. 55-1622b — Failure to provide required information; mediation; civil action","url":"https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch55/055_016_0022b.html","publisher":"Kansas Office of Revisor of Statutes","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"checkStub":{"status":"statute","headline":"Statutory list of items with each payment","citations":["K.S.A. 55-1622a","K.S.A. 55-1620","K.S.A. 55-1620(a)-(e)","K.S.A. 55-1620(f)-(i)","K.S.A. 55-1622(b)","K.S.A. 55-1622(a)(5)"],"sources":[{"citation":"K.S.A. 55-1622a","title":"K.S.A. 55-1622a — Annual notice to royalty interest owners, required contents","url":"https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch55/055_016_0022a.html","publisher":"Kansas Office of Revisor of Statutes","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"K.S.A. 55-1620","title":"K.S.A. 55-1620 — Oil and gas payments to interest owners; information required to be included","url":"https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch55/055_016_0020.html","publisher":"Kansas Office of Revisor of Statutes","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"K.S.A. 55-1622(b)","title":"K.S.A. 55-1622 — Oil and gas payments to interest owners; specific listing of information; when","url":"https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch55/055_016_0022.html","publisher":"Kansas Office of Revisor of Statutes","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"escheat":{"status":"statute","headline":"No mineral-specific period; five years for property not otherwise listed","citations":["K.S.A. 58-3934(a)","K.S.A. 58-3934(k)","K.S.A. 58-3934","K.S.A. 58-3935(a)(16)","K.S.A. 58-3935(b)"],"sources":[{"citation":"K.S.A. 58-3934(a)","title":"K.S.A. 58-3934 — Disposition of unclaimed property; definitions","url":"https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch58/058_039_0034.html","publisher":"Kansas Office of Revisor of Statutes","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"K.S.A. 58-3935(a)(16)","title":"K.S.A. 58-3935 — Property presumed abandoned; when; general rule","url":"https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch58/058_039_0035.html","publisher":"Kansas Office of Revisor of Statutes","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]}}},{"state":"Kentucky","abbr":"KY","slug":"kentucky","url":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/royalty-payment-law/kentucky","apiUrl":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/api/v1/royalty-payment-law/kentucky","actName":null,"lastReviewed":"2026-11-03","quickAnswer":"We found no Kentucky statute that sets a deadline, interest, minimum-payment rule, payor suspense rule, division-order rule, owner remedy or check-stub requirement for oil and gas royalty payments (full text of KRS Chapter 353 read). Kentucky's unclaimed property law, KRS Chapter 393A, states that the chapter does not apply to money or other intangible property held or owing for any mineral proceeds (KRS 393A.020(2)(c)), and we found no other Kentucky statute setting when unclaimed royalties are presumed abandoned.","fields":{"firstPayment":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"KRS Chapter 353 (Mineral conservation and development), full text of all 160 sections listed on this chapter page (each section's official PDF), through the 2026 Regular Session","url":"https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/chapter.aspx?id=38944","publisher":"Kentucky General Assembly (Legislative Research Commission)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"subsequentPayments":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"KRS Chapter 353 (Mineral conservation and development), full text of all 160 sections listed on this chapter page (each section's official PDF), through the 2026 Regular Session","url":"https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/chapter.aspx?id=38944","publisher":"Kentucky General Assembly (Legislative Research Commission)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"minimumPayment":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"KRS Chapter 353 (Mineral conservation and development), full text of all 160 sections listed on this chapter page (each section's official PDF), through the 2026 Regular Session","url":"https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/chapter.aspx?id=38944","publisher":"Kentucky General Assembly (Legislative Research Commission)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"lateInterest":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"KRS Chapter 353 (Mineral conservation and development), full text of all 160 sections listed on this chapter page (each section's official PDF), through the 2026 Regular Session","url":"https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/chapter.aspx?id=38944","publisher":"Kentucky General Assembly (Legislative Research Commission)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"suspense":{"status":"statute","headline":"No payor suspense statute; court trustee holds lease proceeds for unknown or missing owners","citations":["KRS 353.468"],"sources":[{"citation":"KRS 353.468","title":"KRS 353.468 - If advantageous to unknown or missing owner, court may declare trust; trustee's duties","url":"https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=33099","publisher":"Kentucky General Assembly (Legislative Research Commission)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-03"}]},"divisionOrders":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"KRS Chapter 353 (Mineral conservation and development), full text of all 160 sections listed on this chapter page (each section's official PDF), through the 2026 Regular Session","url":"https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/chapter.aspx?id=38944","publisher":"Kentucky General Assembly (Legislative Research Commission)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"ownerRemedy":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"KRS Chapter 353 (Mineral conservation and development), full text of all 160 sections listed on this chapter page (each section's official PDF), through the 2026 Regular Session","url":"https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/chapter.aspx?id=38944","publisher":"Kentucky General Assembly (Legislative Research Commission)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"checkStub":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"KRS Chapter 353 (Mineral conservation and development), full text of all 160 sections listed on this chapter page (each section's official PDF), through the 2026 Regular Session","url":"https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/chapter.aspx?id=38944","publisher":"Kentucky General Assembly (Legislative Research Commission)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"escheat":{"status":"statute","headline":"Unclaimed property act does not apply to mineral proceeds","citations":["KRS 393A.020(2)(c)","KRS 393A.010(16)","KRS 393A.010(16)(b)2."],"sources":[{"citation":"KRS 393A.020(2)(c)","title":"KRS 393A.020 - Inapplicability to foreign transaction (effective June 27, 2019)","url":"https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=48964","publisher":"Kentucky General Assembly (Legislative Research Commission)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"KRS 393A.010(16)","title":"KRS 393A.010 - Definitions (Kentucky unclaimed property, KRS Chapter 393A)","url":"https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/statutes/statute.aspx?id=48098","publisher":"Kentucky General Assembly (Legislative Research Commission)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]}}},{"state":"Louisiana","abbr":"LA","slug":"louisiana","url":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/royalty-payment-law/louisiana","apiUrl":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/api/v1/royalty-payment-law/louisiana","actName":"Louisiana Mineral Code, La. R.S. Title 31","lastReviewed":"2026-11-02","quickAnswer":"Louisiana's Mineral Code sets no fixed deadline for a lessee's royalty payments to its lessor; instead the lessor must give written notice of nonpayment, and the lessee then has 30 days to pay or state a reasonable cause; the damages available (interest, and in the cases the statute lists double the royalties and attorney's fees, or dissolution) depend on how the lessee responds and why it failed to pay (La. R.S. 31:137 to 31:141). A division order cannot alter the lease, and signing one is not a condition of payment.","fields":{"firstPayment":{"status":"statute","headline":"No lessor deadline; operator-sold unleased shares in a compulsory unit within 180 days","citations":["La. R.S. 30:10(A)(4)","La. R.S. 31:210.2(C)(2)","La. R.S. 31:210.2(C)(5)"],"sources":[{"citation":"La. R.S. 30:10(A)(4)","title":"La. R.S. 30:10 - Agreements for drilling units; pooling (EXCERPT saved: A(4), A(3)(b)(ii)(dd), history; current through Acts 2025, No. 458)","url":"https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=86885","publisher":"Louisiana State Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"La. R.S. 31:210.2(C)(2)","title":"La. R.S. 31:210.2 - Declaration of interest; when third party purchasers of oil may withhold payment","url":"https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=87918","publisher":"Louisiana State Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"subsequentPayments":{"status":"statute","headline":"No recurring lessor deadline; unit rule for some unleased owners (see first payment)","citations":["La. R.S. 30:10(A)(4)"],"sources":[{"citation":"La. R.S. 30:10(A)(4)","title":"La. R.S. 30:10 - Agreements for drilling units; pooling (EXCERPT saved: A(4), A(3)(b)(ii)(dd), history; current through Acts 2025, No. 458)","url":"https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=86885","publisher":"Louisiana State Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"minimumPayment":{"status":"statute","headline":"Annual when 12 months total less than $100; monthly on written request above $25","citations":["La. R.S. 31:212.32(A)","La. R.S. 31:212.32(B)","La. R.S. 31:212.32(C)","La. R.S. 31:212.32(D)","La. R.S. 31:210.2(D)"],"sources":[{"citation":"La. R.S. 31:212.32(A)","title":"La. R.S. 31:212.32 - Accumulation of proceeds from production","url":"https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=87926","publisher":"Louisiana State Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"La. R.S. 31:210.2(D)","title":"La. R.S. 31:210.2 - Declaration of interest; when third party purchasers of oil may withhold payment","url":"https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=87918","publisher":"Louisiana State Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"lateInterest":{"status":"statute","headline":"Interest from the due date; the Title 31 sections set no rate","citations":["La. R.S. 31:139","La. R.S. 31:212.23(A)-(B)","La. R.S. 31:210.1(A)-(B)"],"sources":[{"citation":"La. R.S. 31:139","title":"La. R.S. 31:139 - Effect of payment in response to notice","url":"https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=87832","publisher":"Louisiana State Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"La. R.S. 31:212.23(A)-(B)","title":"La. R.S. 31:212.23 - Effects of payment or nonpayment with or without stating reasonable cause","url":"https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=87924","publisher":"Louisiana State Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"La. R.S. 31:210.1(A)-(B)","title":"La. R.S. 31:210.1 - Interest on purchase payment of production","url":"https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=87917","publisher":"Louisiana State Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"suspense":{"status":"statute","headline":"Cannot be withheld for an unsigned division order","citations":["La. R.S. 31:138.1(C)","La. R.S. 31:138.1(D)","La. R.S. 31:210.1(A)-(B)","La. R.S. 31:210.2(B)","La. R.S. 31:210.2(C)(4)","La. R.S. 31:210.2(C)(6)"],"sources":[{"citation":"La. R.S. 31:138.1(C)","title":"La. R.S. 31:138.1 - Division order; precedence of lease; penalties for failure to pay royalties due (as amended by Acts 2023, No. 88)","url":"https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=87831","publisher":"Louisiana State Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"La. R.S. 31:210.1(A)-(B)","title":"La. R.S. 31:210.1 - Interest on purchase payment of production","url":"https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=87917","publisher":"Louisiana State Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"La. R.S. 31:210.2(B)","title":"La. R.S. 31:210.2 - Declaration of interest; when third party purchasers of oil may withhold payment","url":"https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=87918","publisher":"Louisiana State Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"divisionOrders":{"status":"statute","headline":"Cannot alter the lease; a lessee may not withhold royalties for an unsigned division order","citations":["La. R.S. 31:138.1(B)","La. R.S. 31:138.1(D)"],"sources":[{"citation":"La. R.S. 31:138.1(B)","title":"La. R.S. 31:138.1 - Division order; precedence of lease; penalties for failure to pay royalties due (as amended by Acts 2023, No. 88)","url":"https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=87831","publisher":"Louisiana State Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"ownerRemedy":{"status":"statute","headline":"Written notice; 30 days to pay; interest, and in the listed cases double damages and attorney's fees","citations":["La. R.S. 31:137","La. R.S. 31:138","La. R.S. 31:139","La. R.S. 31:140","La. R.S. 31:141","La. R.S. 31:212.21","La. R.S. 31:212.23(C)","La. R.S. 31:211","La. R.S. 31:210.2(C)(3)"],"sources":[{"citation":"La. R.S. 31:137","title":"La. R.S. 31:137 - Nonpayment of royalties; notice prerequisite to judicial demand","url":"https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=87829","publisher":"Louisiana State Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"La. R.S. 31:138","title":"La. R.S. 31:138 - Required response of lessee to notice","url":"https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=87830","publisher":"Louisiana State Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"La. R.S. 31:139","title":"La. R.S. 31:139 - Effect of payment in response to notice","url":"https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=87832","publisher":"Louisiana State Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"La. R.S. 31:140","title":"La. R.S. 31:140 - Effect of nonpayment in response to notice or failure to state cause therefor","url":"https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=87834","publisher":"Louisiana State Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"La. R.S. 31:141","title":"La. R.S. 31:141 - Dissolution not a favored remedy","url":"https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=87835","publisher":"Louisiana State Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"La. R.S. 31:212.21","title":"La. R.S. 31:212.21 - Nonpayment of production payment or royalties (owners other than mineral lessor); notice prerequisite","url":"https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=87922","publisher":"Louisiana State Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"La. R.S. 31:212.23(C)","title":"La. R.S. 31:212.23 - Effects of payment or nonpayment with or without stating reasonable cause","url":"https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=87924","publisher":"Louisiana State Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"La. R.S. 31:211","title":"La. R.S. 31:211 - Availability of mandamus for nonpayment of sums due for production","url":"https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=87919","publisher":"Louisiana State Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"La. R.S. 31:210.2(C)(3)","title":"La. R.S. 31:210.2 - Declaration of interest; when third party purchasers of oil may withhold payment","url":"https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=87918","publisher":"Louisiana State Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"checkStub":{"status":"statute","headline":"Statutory list of items on the stub or an attachment","citations":["La. R.S. 31:212.31(B)","La. R.S. 31:212.31(B)(1)-(4)","La. R.S. 31:212.31(B)(5)-(9)"],"sources":[{"citation":"La. R.S. 31:212.31(B)","title":"La. R.S. 31:212.31 - Payment information to interest owners","url":"https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=87925","publisher":"Louisiana State Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"escheat":{"status":"statute","headline":"Mineral proceeds presumed abandoned after two years","citations":["La. R.S. 9:154(A)(14)","La. R.S. 9:154(C)(1)"],"sources":[{"citation":"La. R.S. 9:154(A)(14)","title":"La. R.S. 9:154 - Presumptions of abandonment (Uniform Unclaimed Property Act; history line lists Acts 2026, No. 891, eff. Jan. 1, 2027)","url":"https://www.legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=106699","publisher":"Louisiana State Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]}}},{"state":"Michigan","abbr":"MI","slug":"michigan","url":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/royalty-payment-law/michigan","apiUrl":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/api/v1/royalty-payment-law/michigan","actName":"Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act, Part 615, MCL 324.61503a to 324.61503c (gas lease payments and statements)","lastReviewed":"2026-11-02","quickAnswer":"Michigan's payment rules apply to gas leases: monthly revenue statements and payments must begin promptly after the divisions of interest are determined, and a lessee may defer payment until royalties total at least $50.00 (MCL 324.61503a and 324.61503c). We found no Michigan statute setting interest on late royalties; a gas lessor may sue only after giving written notice and at least 30 days to cure.","fields":{"firstPayment":{"status":"statute","headline":"Gas leases: promptly after divisions of interest are determined (no fixed days)","citations":["MCL 324.61503a(2)"],"sources":[{"citation":"MCL 324.61503a(2)","title":"MCL 324.61503a (Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act, Part 615) - Gas lease; monthly revenue statements and payments; deferment (MCL complete through PA 114 of 2026)","url":"https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-324-61503a","publisher":"Michigan Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"subsequentPayments":{"status":"statute","headline":"Gas leases: monthly statements and payments (no fixed day)","citations":["MCL 324.61503a(1)(a)","MCL 324.61503a(1)(a)(i)"],"sources":[{"citation":"MCL 324.61503a(1)(a)","title":"MCL 324.61503a (Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act, Part 615) - Gas lease; monthly revenue statements and payments; deferment (MCL complete through PA 114 of 2026)","url":"https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-324-61503a","publisher":"Michigan Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"minimumPayment":{"status":"statute","headline":"Gas lessee may defer until royalties total $50.00","citations":["MCL 324.61503a(2)"],"sources":[{"citation":"MCL 324.61503a(2)","title":"MCL 324.61503a (Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act, Part 615) - Gas lease; monthly revenue statements and payments; deferment (MCL complete through PA 114 of 2026)","url":"https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-324-61503a","publisher":"Michigan Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"lateInterest":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"MCL 324.61503a (Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act, Part 615) - Gas lease; monthly revenue statements and payments; deferment (MCL complete through PA 114 of 2026)","url":"https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-324-61503a","publisher":"Michigan Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"suspense":{"status":"statute","headline":"Gas lessee may defer for title questions or an unknown address","citations":["MCL 324.61503a(2)","MCL 324.61503b(4)(d)"],"sources":[{"citation":"MCL 324.61503a(2)","title":"MCL 324.61503a (Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act, Part 615) - Gas lease; monthly revenue statements and payments; deferment (MCL complete through PA 114 of 2026)","url":"https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-324-61503a","publisher":"Michigan Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"MCL 324.61503b(4)(d)","title":"MCL 324.61503b - Postproduction costs; division orders (MCL complete through PA 114 of 2026)","url":"https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-324-61503b","publisher":"Michigan Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"divisionOrders":{"status":"statute","headline":"Does not alter the lease unless both parties agree in a signed document","citations":["MCL 324.61503b(4)","MCL 324.61503b(4)(f)"],"sources":[{"citation":"MCL 324.61503b(4)","title":"MCL 324.61503b - Postproduction costs; division orders (MCL complete through PA 114 of 2026)","url":"https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-324-61503b","publisher":"Michigan Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"ownerRemedy":{"status":"statute","headline":"Written notice and 30 days to cure before suit","citations":["MCL 324.61503c(1)","MCL 324.61503c(2)","MCL 324.61503c(5)","MCL 324.61503c(4)","MCL 324.61503c(3)"],"sources":[{"citation":"MCL 324.61503c(1)","title":"MCL 324.61503c - Violation of 61503a or 61503b; civil fine; action; notice and cure (MCL complete through PA 114 of 2026)","url":"https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-324-61503c","publisher":"Michigan Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"checkStub":{"status":"statute","headline":"Gas leases: monthly plain-English statement with unit price and itemized deductions","citations":["MCL 324.61503a(1)(a)(i)","MCL 324.61503a(1)(a)(ii)","MCL 324.61503a(1)(b)","MCL 324.61503b(3)"],"sources":[{"citation":"MCL 324.61503a(1)(a)(i)","title":"MCL 324.61503a (Natural Resources and Environmental Protection Act, Part 615) - Gas lease; monthly revenue statements and payments; deferment (MCL complete through PA 114 of 2026)","url":"https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-324-61503a","publisher":"Michigan Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"MCL 324.61503b(3)","title":"MCL 324.61503b - Postproduction costs; division orders (MCL complete through PA 114 of 2026)","url":"https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-324-61503b","publisher":"Michigan Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"escheat":{"status":"statute","headline":"No royalty-specific period found; 3 years (5 for active-duty military owners) for business-held property","citations":["MCL 567.237a","MCL 567.223(1)","MCL 567.222(k)(i)","MCL 567.224a(1)","MCL 567.222(a)"],"sources":[{"citation":"MCL 567.237a","title":"MCL 567.237a - Dormancy period for military personnel (added 2024, Act 101)","url":"https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-567-237a","publisher":"Michigan Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"MCL 567.223(1)","title":"MCL 567.223 - Unclaimed property held in ordinary course of business; presumption","url":"https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-567-223","publisher":"Michigan Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"MCL 567.222(k)(i)","title":"MCL 567.222 - Uniform Unclaimed Property Act definitions","url":"https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-567-222","publisher":"Michigan Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"MCL 567.224a(1)","title":"MCL 567.224a - Exception ($25 or less)","url":"https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-567-224a","publisher":"Michigan Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]}}},{"state":"Mississippi","abbr":"MS","slug":"mississippi","url":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/royalty-payment-law/mississippi","apiUrl":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/api/v1/royalty-payment-law/mississippi","actName":null,"lastReviewed":"2026-11-02","quickAnswer":"Mississippi sets when interest starts rather than a payment deadline: royalty not paid by 120 days after the date of first sale earns interest (where an operator or lessee pays in place of the purchaser, from the later of that date or its receipt of the proceeds) at the greater of 8% a year or 2% above the federal discount rate, and regularly disbursed payments made within 60 days after the end of the month of sale owe no interest (Miss. Code Ann. § 53-3-39). Suspended royalty still earns interest, and an unpaid royalty owner has a lien on the proceeds.","fields":{"firstPayment":{"status":"statute","headline":"No deadline as such; interest from 120 days after first sale (later receipt date for a substituted payor)","citations":["Miss. Code Ann. § 53-3-39","Miss. Code Ann. § 53-3-41(2)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Miss. Code Ann. § 53-3-39","title":"Mississippi State Oil and Gas Board - Statutes, Rules of Procedure, Statewide Rules and Regulations (compilation dated June 17, 2020); includes Miss. Code Ann. Title 53 Chs. 1, 3, 11. The compiled Mississippi Code itself is published only on gated Lexis.","url":"https://ogb.state.ms.us/msogbdocumentsShared/Rulebook/Rulebook.pdf","publisher":"Mississippi State Oil and Gas Board","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"subsequentPayments":{"status":"statute","headline":"No interest if paid within 60 days after the month of sale","citations":["Miss. Code Ann. § 53-3-39"],"sources":[{"citation":"Miss. Code Ann. § 53-3-39","title":"Mississippi State Oil and Gas Board - Statutes, Rules of Procedure, Statewide Rules and Regulations (compilation dated June 17, 2020); includes Miss. Code Ann. Title 53 Chs. 1, 3, 11. The compiled Mississippi Code itself is published only on gated Lexis.","url":"https://ogb.state.ms.us/msogbdocumentsShared/Rulebook/Rulebook.pdf","publisher":"Mississippi State Oil and Gas Board","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"minimumPayment":{"status":"statute","headline":"No interest on $100 or less if paid at least every 120 days","citations":["Miss. Code Ann. § 53-3-39"],"sources":[{"citation":"Miss. Code Ann. § 53-3-39","title":"Mississippi State Oil and Gas Board - Statutes, Rules of Procedure, Statewide Rules and Regulations (compilation dated June 17, 2020); includes Miss. Code Ann. Title 53 Chs. 1, 3, 11. The compiled Mississippi Code itself is published only on gated Lexis.","url":"https://ogb.state.ms.us/msogbdocumentsShared/Rulebook/Rulebook.pdf","publisher":"Mississippi State Oil and Gas Board","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"lateInterest":{"status":"statute","headline":"Greater of 8% a year or 2% above the federal discount rate","citations":["Miss. Code Ann. § 53-3-39"],"sources":[{"citation":"Miss. Code Ann. § 53-3-39","title":"Mississippi State Oil and Gas Board - Statutes, Rules of Procedure, Statewide Rules and Regulations (compilation dated June 17, 2020); includes Miss. Code Ann. Title 53 Chs. 1, 3, 11. The compiled Mississippi Code itself is published only on gated Lexis.","url":"https://ogb.state.ms.us/msogbdocumentsShared/Rulebook/Rulebook.pdf","publisher":"Mississippi State Oil and Gas Board","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"suspense":{"status":"statute","headline":"Suspended royalty still earns interest; lower rate for unmarketable title","citations":["Miss. Code Ann. § 53-3-39","Miss. Code Ann. § 53-3-41(7)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Miss. Code Ann. § 53-3-39","title":"Mississippi State Oil and Gas Board - Statutes, Rules of Procedure, Statewide Rules and Regulations (compilation dated June 17, 2020); includes Miss. Code Ann. Title 53 Chs. 1, 3, 11. The compiled Mississippi Code itself is published only on gated Lexis.","url":"https://ogb.state.ms.us/msogbdocumentsShared/Rulebook/Rulebook.pdf","publisher":"Mississippi State Oil and Gas Board","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"divisionOrders":{"status":"statute","headline":"Interest can be waived only by a separate bold-print form","citations":["Miss. Code Ann. § 53-3-39"],"sources":[{"citation":"Miss. Code Ann. § 53-3-39","title":"Mississippi State Oil and Gas Board - Statutes, Rules of Procedure, Statewide Rules and Regulations (compilation dated June 17, 2020); includes Miss. Code Ann. Title 53 Chs. 1, 3, 11. The compiled Mississippi Code itself is published only on gated Lexis.","url":"https://ogb.state.ms.us/msogbdocumentsShared/Rulebook/Rulebook.pdf","publisher":"Mississippi State Oil and Gas Board","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"ownerRemedy":{"status":"statute","headline":"Lien on the proceeds for unpaid royalty","citations":["Miss. Code Ann. § 53-3-41(4)","Miss. Code Ann. § 53-3-41(3)","Miss. Code Ann. § 53-3-41(6)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Miss. Code Ann. § 53-3-41(4)","title":"Mississippi State Oil and Gas Board - Statutes, Rules of Procedure, Statewide Rules and Regulations (compilation dated June 17, 2020); includes Miss. Code Ann. Title 53 Chs. 1, 3, 11. The compiled Mississippi Code itself is published only on gated Lexis.","url":"https://ogb.state.ms.us/msogbdocumentsShared/Rulebook/Rulebook.pdf","publisher":"Mississippi State Oil and Gas Board","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"checkStub":{"status":"statute","headline":"Only: the interest rate must be shown on the payment document","citations":["Miss. Code Ann. § 53-3-39"],"sources":[{"citation":"Miss. Code Ann. § 53-3-39","title":"Mississippi State Oil and Gas Board - Statutes, Rules of Procedure, Statewide Rules and Regulations (compilation dated June 17, 2020); includes Miss. Code Ann. Title 53 Chs. 1, 3, 11. The compiled Mississippi Code itself is published only on gated Lexis.","url":"https://ogb.state.ms.us/msogbdocumentsShared/Rulebook/Rulebook.pdf","publisher":"Mississippi State Oil and Gas Board","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"escheat":{"status":"statute","headline":"No mineral-specific period in the unclaimed property instructions; five years for business-held property","citations":["Mississippi Uniform Disposition of Unclaimed Property Act, Miss. Code §§ 89-12-1 to 89-12-57, as set out in State Treasurer holder instructions, Part VIII","Mississippi State Treasurer, FAQs for Holders"],"sources":[{"citation":"Mississippi Uniform Disposition of Unclaimed Property Act, Miss. Code §§ 89-12-1 to 89-12-57, as set out in State Treasurer holder instructions, Part VIII","title":"Mississippi State Treasurer - Instructions for Mississippi Unclaimed Property Reporting (Miss. Code §§ 89-12-1 to 89-12-57)","url":"https://treasury.ms.gov/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/Holder-Reporting-Instructions.pdf","publisher":"Mississippi State Treasurer","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"Mississippi State Treasurer, FAQs for Holders","title":"Mississippi State Treasurer - FAQs for Holders","url":"https://treasury.ms.gov/for-businesses/unclaimed-property-reporting/frequently-asked-questions-for-holders/","publisher":"Mississippi State Treasurer","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]}}},{"state":"Montana","abbr":"MT","slug":"montana","url":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/royalty-payment-law/montana","apiUrl":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/api/v1/royalty-payment-law/montana","actName":"MCA Title 82, Chapter 10, Part 1 (payment of oil and gas royalties)","lastReviewed":"2026-11-03","quickAnswer":"Except where the owner takes production in kind or a title or entitlement dispute would affect distribution, Montana makes royalties interest-bearing if the operator does not pay within 120 days after the initial oil or gas under the lease is marketed, then within 60 days for oil and 90 days for gas (MCA § 82-10-103). Late royalties bear interest at the maximum rate allowed under MCA § 31-1-107, and an owner who makes written demand may sue if the payor does not account and pay within 60 days, with attorney fees to the successful party.","fields":{"firstPayment":{"status":"statute","headline":"Within 120 days after the initial production is marketed","citations":["MCA § 82-10-103(2)"],"sources":[{"citation":"MCA § 82-10-103(2)","title":"MCA 82-10-103, Obligation to pay royalties as essence of contract -- interest (Montana Code Annotated 2025)","url":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0820/chapter_0100/part_0010/section_0030/0820-0100-0010-0030.html","publisher":"Montana Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"subsequentPayments":{"status":"statute","headline":"60 days for oil and 90 days for gas","citations":["MCA § 82-10-103(2)"],"sources":[{"citation":"MCA § 82-10-103(2)","title":"MCA 82-10-103, Obligation to pay royalties as essence of contract -- interest (Montana Code Annotated 2025)","url":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0820/chapter_0100/part_0010/section_0030/0820-0100-0010-0030.html","publisher":"Montana Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"minimumPayment":{"status":"statute","headline":"Semiannual under $50; annual under $10","citations":["MCA § 82-10-103(2)"],"sources":[{"citation":"MCA § 82-10-103(2)","title":"MCA 82-10-103, Obligation to pay royalties as essence of contract -- interest (Montana Code Annotated 2025)","url":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0820/chapter_0100/part_0010/section_0030/0820-0100-0010-0030.html","publisher":"Montana Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"lateInterest":{"status":"statute","headline":"The maximum rate allowed under MCA § 31-1-107","citations":["MCA § 82-10-103(2)","MCA § 31-1-107(1)"],"sources":[{"citation":"MCA § 82-10-103(2)","title":"MCA 82-10-103, Obligation to pay royalties as essence of contract -- interest (Montana Code Annotated 2025)","url":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0820/chapter_0100/part_0010/section_0030/0820-0100-0010-0030.html","publisher":"Montana Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"MCA § 31-1-107(1)","title":"MCA 31-1-107, Interest rate allowed by agreement (Montana Code Annotated 2025)","url":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0310/chapter_0010/part_0010/section_0070/0310-0010-0010-0070.html","publisher":"Montana Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"suspense":{"status":"statute","headline":"Timing rule does not apply to title or entitlement disputes or in-kind takes","citations":["MCA 82-1-304(3)","MCA § 82-10-103(4)"],"sources":[{"citation":"MCA 82-1-304(3)","title":"MCA 82-1-304, Administration of trust (Trusts for Unlocatable Mineral Owners) (Montana Code Annotated 2025)","url":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0820/chapter_0010/part_0030/section_0040/0820-0010-0030-0040.html","publisher":"Montana Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-03"},{"citation":"MCA § 82-10-103(4)","title":"MCA 82-10-103, Obligation to pay royalties as essence of contract -- interest (Montana Code Annotated 2025)","url":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0820/chapter_0100/part_0010/section_0030/0820-0100-0010-0030.html","publisher":"Montana Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"divisionOrders":{"status":"statute","headline":"Cannot amend the lease; required contents set by statute","citations":["MCA § 82-10-110(2)","MCA § 82-10-110(1)","MCA § 82-10-110(3)(a)-(b)","MCA § 82-10-110(3)","MCA § 82-10-110(3)(c)"],"sources":[{"citation":"MCA § 82-10-110(2)","title":"MCA 82-10-110, Division order -- definition -- effect (Montana Code Annotated 2025)","url":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0820/chapter_0100/part_0010/section_0100/0820-0100-0010-0100.html","publisher":"Montana Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"ownerRemedy":{"status":"statute","headline":"Written demand, 60 days to account and pay, then suit; attorney fees","citations":["MCA § 82-10-101(1)","MCA § 82-10-101(2)","MCA § 82-10-101(4)","MCA § 82-10-102","MCA § 82-10-103(3)","MCA § 82-10-103(1)"],"sources":[{"citation":"MCA § 82-10-101(1)","title":"MCA 82-10-101, Action for accounting for royalty (Montana Code Annotated 2025)","url":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0820/chapter_0100/part_0010/section_0010/0820-0100-0010-0010.html","publisher":"Montana Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"MCA § 82-10-102","title":"MCA 82-10-102, Remedy not exclusive (Montana Code Annotated 2025)","url":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0820/chapter_0100/part_0010/section_0020/0820-0100-0010-0020.html","publisher":"Montana Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"MCA § 82-10-103(3)","title":"MCA 82-10-103, Obligation to pay royalties as essence of contract -- interest (Montana Code Annotated 2025)","url":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0820/chapter_0100/part_0010/section_0030/0820-0100-0010-0030.html","publisher":"Montana Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"checkStub":{"status":"statute","headline":"Statement form with each check lists the statutory items","citations":["MCA § 82-10-104(1)","MCA § 82-10-104(1)(d)-(g)","MCA § 82-10-104(1)(h)-(k)","MCA § 82-10-104(2)","MCA § 82-10-104(3)"],"sources":[{"citation":"MCA § 82-10-104(1)","title":"MCA 82-10-104, Payment of royalties -- form of record required (Montana Code Annotated 2025)","url":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0820/chapter_0100/part_0010/section_0040/0820-0100-0010-0040.html","publisher":"Montana Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"escheat":{"status":"statute","headline":"No mineral-specific period; five years for all other property","citations":["MCA § 70-9-802(10)(b)","MCA § 70-9-803(1)(q)","MCA § 70-9-802(1)"],"sources":[{"citation":"MCA § 70-9-802(10)(b)","title":"MCA 70-9-802, Uniform Unclaimed Property Act definitions (Montana Code Annotated 2025)","url":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0090/part_0080/section_0020/0700-0090-0080-0020.html","publisher":"Montana Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"MCA § 70-9-803(1)(q)","title":"MCA 70-9-803, Presumptions of abandonment (Montana Code Annotated 2025; history through Ch. 87, L. 2025)","url":"https://mca.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0700/chapter_0090/part_0080/section_0030/0700-0090-0080-0030.html","publisher":"Montana Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]}}},{"state":"Nebraska","abbr":"NE","slug":"nebraska","url":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/royalty-payment-law/nebraska","apiUrl":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/api/v1/royalty-payment-law/nebraska","actName":null,"lastReviewed":"2026-11-02","quickAnswer":"We found no Nebraska statute specific to oil and gas royalty payments to private owners that sets a deadline, interest, minimum-payment rule, owner remedy or check-stub requirement (full text of Neb. Rev. Stat. Chapter 57 and official-source search). The only division-order provision found is that a commission order does not terminate an existing division order (Neb. Rev. Stat. § 57-910.08). Mineral proceeds unclaimed for more than three years after becoming payable are presumed abandoned (Neb. Rev. Stat. § 69-1307.04).","fields":{"firstPayment":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Nebraska Revised Statutes Chapter 57 (Minerals, Oil, and Gas), full text of all 229 sections listed on this chapter page (each statute page)","url":"https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/browse-chapters.php?chapter=57","publisher":"Nebraska Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"subsequentPayments":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Nebraska Revised Statutes Chapter 57 (Minerals, Oil, and Gas), full text of all 229 sections listed on this chapter page (each statute page)","url":"https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/browse-chapters.php?chapter=57","publisher":"Nebraska Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"minimumPayment":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Nebraska Revised Statutes Chapter 57 (Minerals, Oil, and Gas), full text of all 229 sections listed on this chapter page (each statute page)","url":"https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/browse-chapters.php?chapter=57","publisher":"Nebraska Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"lateInterest":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Nebraska Revised Statutes Chapter 57 (Minerals, Oil, and Gas), full text of all 229 sections listed on this chapter page (each statute page)","url":"https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/browse-chapters.php?chapter=57","publisher":"Nebraska Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"suspense":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Nebraska Revised Statutes Chapter 57 (Minerals, Oil, and Gas), full text of all 229 sections listed on this chapter page (each statute page)","url":"https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/browse-chapters.php?chapter=57","publisher":"Nebraska Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"divisionOrders":{"status":"statute","headline":"Only: a commission order does not terminate an existing division order","citations":["Neb. Rev. Stat. § 57-910.08"],"sources":[{"citation":"Neb. Rev. Stat. § 57-910.08","title":"Neb. Rev. Stat. § 57-910.08, Unit or cooperative development; division orders; no termination by commission","url":"https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=57-910.08","publisher":"Nebraska Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"ownerRemedy":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Nebraska Revised Statutes Chapter 57 (Minerals, Oil, and Gas), full text of all 229 sections listed on this chapter page (each statute page)","url":"https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/browse-chapters.php?chapter=57","publisher":"Nebraska Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"checkStub":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Nebraska Revised Statutes Chapter 57 (Minerals, Oil, and Gas), full text of all 229 sections listed on this chapter page (each statute page)","url":"https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/browse-chapters.php?chapter=57","publisher":"Nebraska Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"escheat":{"status":"statute","headline":"Presumed abandoned after three years unclaimed","citations":["Neb. Rev. Stat. § 69-1307.04(a)(2)(i)","Neb. Rev. Stat. § 69-1307.04(b)","Neb. Rev. Stat. § 69-1307.04(d)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Neb. Rev. Stat. § 69-1307.04(a)(2)(i)","title":"Neb. Rev. Stat. § 69-1307.04, Mineral rights and proceeds; presumed abandoned; when (Uniform Disposition of Unclaimed Property Act)","url":"https://nebraskalegislature.gov/laws/statutes.php?statute=69-1307.04","publisher":"Nebraska Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]}}},{"state":"New Mexico","abbr":"NM","slug":"new-mexico","url":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/royalty-payment-law/new-mexico","apiUrl":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/api/v1/royalty-payment-law/new-mexico","actName":"Oil and Gas Proceeds Payment Act, NMSA 1978, §§ 70-10-1 to 70-10-6","lastReviewed":"2026-11-02","quickAnswer":"New Mexico requires payment of oil and gas proceeds to begin not later than six months after the first day of the month following the date of first sale, then within 45 days after the end of the month in which the payor is paid for the production, unless a valid contract sets other terms (NMSA 1978, § 70-10-3). A payor that misses the deadline after receiving the owner information owes the unpaid amount plus 18% per year (§ 70-10-5), unless one of the statute's excuses applies (for example a good-faith title opinion, a reasonable doubt about entitlement, less than $100 held, or the owner's refusal of a reasonable division order), and the prevailing party in a proceeding under the Act recovers court costs and reasonable attorneys' fees.","fields":{"firstPayment":{"status":"statute","headline":"Six months after the first day of the month following first sale","citations":["NMSA 1978, § 70-10-3"],"sources":[{"citation":"NMSA 1978, § 70-10-3","title":"NMSA 1978, Chapter 70 (Oil and Gas), official compilation PDF '7-1-26_chapter-70-oil-and-gas-2026.pdf' (Article 10, §§ 70-10-1 to 70-10-6)","url":"https://nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa/en/4440/1/document.do","publisher":"New Mexico Compilation Commission (NMOneSource)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"subsequentPayments":{"status":"statute","headline":"45 days after the end of the month the payor is paid","citations":["NMSA 1978, § 70-10-3"],"sources":[{"citation":"NMSA 1978, § 70-10-3","title":"NMSA 1978, Chapter 70 (Oil and Gas), official compilation PDF '7-1-26_chapter-70-oil-and-gas-2026.pdf' (Article 10, §§ 70-10-1 to 70-10-6)","url":"https://nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa/en/4440/1/document.do","publisher":"New Mexico Compilation Commission (NMOneSource)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"minimumPayment":{"status":"statute","headline":"No accumulation rule; late-payment penalty excused under $100","citations":["NMSA 1978, § 70-10-5(C)"],"sources":[{"citation":"NMSA 1978, § 70-10-5(C)","title":"NMSA 1978, Chapter 70 (Oil and Gas), official compilation PDF '7-1-26_chapter-70-oil-and-gas-2026.pdf' (Article 10, §§ 70-10-1 to 70-10-6)","url":"https://nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa/en/4440/1/document.do","publisher":"New Mexico Compilation Commission (NMOneSource)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"lateInterest":{"status":"statute","headline":"Dallas Fed discount rate plus 1.5 points on suspended funds; 18% per year penalty","citations":["NMSA 1978, § 70-10-4(B)","NMSA 1978, § 70-10-5"],"sources":[{"citation":"NMSA 1978, § 70-10-4(B)","title":"NMSA 1978, Chapter 70 (Oil and Gas), official compilation PDF '7-1-26_chapter-70-oil-and-gas-2026.pdf' (Article 10, §§ 70-10-1 to 70-10-6)","url":"https://nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa/en/4440/1/document.do","publisher":"New Mexico Compilation Commission (NMOneSource)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"suspense":{"status":"statute","headline":"Suspense account or interpleader; suspended funds earn interest","citations":["NMSA 1978, § 70-10-4(A)","NMSA 1978, § 70-10-4(B)","NMSA 1978, § 70-10-5(A)","NMSA 1978, § 70-10-5(B)","NMSA 1978, § 70-10-5(D)","NMSA 1978, § 70-10-3.1(C)"],"sources":[{"citation":"NMSA 1978, § 70-10-4(A)","title":"NMSA 1978, Chapter 70 (Oil and Gas), official compilation PDF '7-1-26_chapter-70-oil-and-gas-2026.pdf' (Article 10, §§ 70-10-1 to 70-10-6)","url":"https://nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa/en/4440/1/document.do","publisher":"New Mexico Compilation Commission (NMOneSource)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"divisionOrders":{"status":"statute","headline":"Payor must try to furnish a reasonable division order","citations":["NMSA 1978, § 70-10-3.1(A)","NMSA 1978, § 70-10-3.1(B)"],"sources":[{"citation":"NMSA 1978, § 70-10-3.1(A)","title":"NMSA 1978, Chapter 70 (Oil and Gas), official compilation PDF '7-1-26_chapter-70-oil-and-gas-2026.pdf' (Article 10, §§ 70-10-1 to 70-10-6)","url":"https://nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa/en/4440/1/document.do","publisher":"New Mexico Compilation Commission (NMOneSource)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"ownerRemedy":{"status":"statute","headline":"18% per year penalty; prevailing party recovers attorneys' fees","citations":["NMSA 1978, § 70-10-6","NMSA 1978, § 70-10-5"],"sources":[{"citation":"NMSA 1978, § 70-10-6","title":"NMSA 1978, Chapter 70 (Oil and Gas), official compilation PDF '7-1-26_chapter-70-oil-and-gas-2026.pdf' (Article 10, §§ 70-10-1 to 70-10-6)","url":"https://nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa/en/4440/1/document.do","publisher":"New Mexico Compilation Commission (NMOneSource)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"checkStub":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"NMSA 1978, Chapter 70 (Oil and Gas), official compilation PDF '7-1-26_chapter-70-oil-and-gas-2026.pdf' (Article 10, §§ 70-10-1 to 70-10-6)","url":"https://nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa/en/4440/1/document.do","publisher":"New Mexico Compilation Commission (NMOneSource)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"escheat":{"status":"statute","headline":"No mineral-specific period; five years for property not otherwise listed","citations":["NMSA 1978, § 7-8A-10.1(E)","NMSA 1978, § 7-8A-1(9)","NMSA 1978, § 7-8A-1","NMSA 1978, § 7-8A-2(A)(15)","NMSA 1978, § 7-8A-2(B)","NMSA 1978, § 7-8A-10.1(A)"],"sources":[{"citation":"NMSA 1978, § 7-8A-10.1(E)","title":"NMSA 1978, Chapter 7 (Taxation), official compilation PDF 'chapter-7-taxation-2026.pdf' (Article 8A, Uniform Unclaimed Property Act (1995), §§ 7-8A-1 to 7-8A-31)","url":"https://nmonesource.com/nmos/nmsa/en/4340/1/document.do","publisher":"New Mexico Compilation Commission (NMOneSource)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]}}},{"state":"New York","abbr":"NY","slug":"new-york","url":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/royalty-payment-law/new-york","apiUrl":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/api/v1/royalty-payment-law/new-york","actName":null,"lastReviewed":"2026-11-02","quickAnswer":"We found no New York statute that sets a deadline, interest, minimum-payment rule or check-stub requirement for oil and gas royalty payments. For leases entered into on or after January 1, 2006, the lease must state that failure to pay royalties for four consecutive months or more is a default, and in compulsory integration the royalty of an owner who cannot be determined is held in an interest-bearing account (ECL § 23-0901).","fields":{"firstPayment":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"N.Y. Environmental Conservation Law § 23-0901 (Compulsory integration and unitization in oil and natural gas pools and fields); NY Senate Open Legislation shows most recent revision 2014-09-22","url":"https://legislation.nysenate.gov/pdf/laws/ENV23-0901","publisher":"New York State Senate (Open Legislation)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"subsequentPayments":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"N.Y. Environmental Conservation Law § 23-0901 (Compulsory integration and unitization in oil and natural gas pools and fields); NY Senate Open Legislation shows most recent revision 2014-09-22","url":"https://legislation.nysenate.gov/pdf/laws/ENV23-0901","publisher":"New York State Senate (Open Legislation)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"minimumPayment":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"N.Y. Environmental Conservation Law § 23-0901 (Compulsory integration and unitization in oil and natural gas pools and fields); NY Senate Open Legislation shows most recent revision 2014-09-22","url":"https://legislation.nysenate.gov/pdf/laws/ENV23-0901","publisher":"New York State Senate (Open Legislation)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"lateInterest":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"N.Y. Environmental Conservation Law § 23-0901 (Compulsory integration and unitization in oil and natural gas pools and fields); NY Senate Open Legislation shows most recent revision 2014-09-22","url":"https://legislation.nysenate.gov/pdf/laws/ENV23-0901","publisher":"New York State Senate (Open Legislation)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"suspense":{"status":"statute","headline":"Compulsory integration: unknown owner's royalty held in an interest-bearing account","citations":["N.Y. Envtl. Conserv. Law § 23-0901(3)(c)","N.Y. Envtl. Conserv. Law § 23-0901(3)(c)(1)(ii)(D)"],"sources":[{"citation":"N.Y. Envtl. Conserv. Law § 23-0901(3)(c)","title":"N.Y. Environmental Conservation Law § 23-0901 (Compulsory integration and unitization in oil and natural gas pools and fields); NY Senate Open Legislation shows most recent revision 2014-09-22","url":"https://legislation.nysenate.gov/pdf/laws/ENV23-0901","publisher":"New York State Senate (Open Legislation)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"divisionOrders":{"status":"statute","headline":"Only: a unit order does not terminate an existing division order","citations":["N.Y. Envtl. Conserv. Law § 23-0901(11)"],"sources":[{"citation":"N.Y. Envtl. Conserv. Law § 23-0901(11)","title":"N.Y. Environmental Conservation Law § 23-0901 (Compulsory integration and unitization in oil and natural gas pools and fields); NY Senate Open Legislation shows most recent revision 2014-09-22","url":"https://legislation.nysenate.gov/pdf/laws/ENV23-0901","publisher":"New York State Senate (Open Legislation)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"ownerRemedy":{"status":"statute","headline":"Leases from 2006: four months' nonpayment is a default","citations":["N.Y. Gen. Oblig. Law § 5-333(5)","N.Y. Gen. Oblig. Law § 5-333(5), (6)"],"sources":[{"citation":"N.Y. Gen. Oblig. Law § 5-333(5)","title":"N.Y. General Obligations Law § 5-333 (Validity of oil, gas or mineral land leases)","url":"https://legislation.nysenate.gov/pdf/laws/GOB5-333","publisher":"New York State Senate (Open Legislation)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"checkStub":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"N.Y. Environmental Conservation Law § 23-0901 (Compulsory integration and unitization in oil and natural gas pools and fields); NY Senate Open Legislation shows most recent revision 2014-09-22","url":"https://legislation.nysenate.gov/pdf/laws/ENV23-0901","publisher":"New York State Senate (Open Legislation)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"escheat":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"N.Y. Abandoned Property Law § 1315 (Miscellaneous unclaimed property)","url":"https://legislation.nysenate.gov/pdf/laws/ABP1315","publisher":"New York State Senate (Open Legislation)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]}}},{"state":"North Dakota","abbr":"ND","slug":"north-dakota","url":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/royalty-payment-law/north-dakota","apiUrl":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/api/v1/royalty-payment-law/north-dakota","actName":null,"lastReviewed":"2026-11-02","quickAnswer":"North Dakota makes royalties late if they are not paid within 150 days after the oil or gas is marketed; where a leased owner is not seeking cancellation of the lease (or the owner is unleased), unpaid royalties then bear interest at 18% per annum until paid, without the owner having to ask (N.D.C.C. § 47-16-39.1). The section does not apply to leases on minerals owned or managed by the Board of University and School Lands, to owners taking in kind, where a title dispute would affect distribution, or to an owner who cannot be located after reasonable inquiry. An operator owing less than $50 in total may pay semiannually, a division order may not amend the lease, and the prevailing party in a royalty suit recovers court costs and reasonable attorney's fees.","fields":{"firstPayment":{"status":"statute","headline":"Within 150 days after the oil or gas is marketed","citations":["N.D.C.C. § 47-16-39.1(1)","N.D. Admin. Code § 43-02-06-01.1"],"sources":[{"citation":"N.D.C.C. § 47-16-39.1(1)","title":"North Dakota Century Code, Chapter 47-16 (Leasing of Real Property), PDF created 2025-12-31","url":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t47c16.pdf","publisher":"North Dakota Legislative Branch","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"N.D. Admin. Code § 43-02-06-01.1","title":"North Dakota Administrative Code, Chapter 43-02-06 (Royalty Statements), Industrial Commission; last amended effective 2020-04-01","url":"https://ndlegis.gov/information/acdata/pdf/43-02-06.pdf","publisher":"North Dakota Legislative Branch (Administrative Code)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"subsequentPayments":{"status":"statute","headline":"Same 150-day rule for every payment","citations":["N.D.C.C. § 47-16-39.1(1)"],"sources":[{"citation":"N.D.C.C. § 47-16-39.1(1)","title":"North Dakota Century Code, Chapter 47-16 (Leasing of Real Property), PDF created 2025-12-31","url":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t47c16.pdf","publisher":"North Dakota Legislative Branch","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"minimumPayment":{"status":"statute","headline":"Under $50 may be paid semiannually","citations":["N.D.C.C. § 47-16-39.1(1)"],"sources":[{"citation":"N.D.C.C. § 47-16-39.1(1)","title":"North Dakota Century Code, Chapter 47-16 (Leasing of Real Property), PDF created 2025-12-31","url":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t47c16.pdf","publisher":"North Dakota Legislative Branch","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"lateInterest":{"status":"statute","headline":"18% per annum on late royalties","citations":["N.D.C.C. § 47-16-39.1(1)"],"sources":[{"citation":"N.D.C.C. § 47-16-39.1(1)","title":"North Dakota Century Code, Chapter 47-16 (Leasing of Real Property), PDF created 2025-12-31","url":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t47c16.pdf","publisher":"North Dakota Legislative Branch","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"suspense":{"status":"statute","headline":"Rule does not apply to title disputes or unlocatable owners; unsigned division order is no excuse","citations":["N.D.C.C. § 47-16-39.1(1)","N.D.C.C. § 47-16-39.3","N.D.C.C. § 47-16-39.4","N.D.C.C. § 47-16-39.1(2)"],"sources":[{"citation":"N.D.C.C. § 47-16-39.1(1)","title":"North Dakota Century Code, Chapter 47-16 (Leasing of Real Property), PDF created 2025-12-31","url":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t47c16.pdf","publisher":"North Dakota Legislative Branch","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"divisionOrders":{"status":"statute","headline":"Cannot amend the lease; payment cannot be withheld for an unsigned one","citations":["N.D.C.C. § 47-16-39.3"],"sources":[{"citation":"N.D.C.C. § 47-16-39.3","title":"North Dakota Century Code, Chapter 47-16 (Leasing of Real Property), PDF created 2025-12-31","url":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t47c16.pdf","publisher":"North Dakota Legislative Branch","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"ownerRemedy":{"status":"statute","headline":"District court where the well is; prevailing party recovers attorney's fees","citations":["N.D.C.C. § 47-16-39.1(1)","N.D.C.C. § 47-16-39.2(1)","N.D.C.C. § 47-16-39.2(1)(d)","N.D.C.C. § 47-16-39.2(4)"],"sources":[{"citation":"N.D.C.C. § 47-16-39.1(1)","title":"North Dakota Century Code, Chapter 47-16 (Leasing of Real Property), PDF created 2025-12-31","url":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t47c16.pdf","publisher":"North Dakota Legislative Branch","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"checkStub":{"status":"statute","headline":"Information statement with every payment; Industrial Commission rule lists the items","citations":["N.D.C.C. § 38-08-06.3","N.D. Admin. Code § 43-02-06-01","N.D. Admin. Code § 43-02-06-01(7)","N.D. Admin. Code § 43-02-06-01(2)","N.D. Admin. Code § 43-02-06-01(4)(a)","N.D. Admin. Code § 43-02-06-01(9)","N.D. Admin. Code § 43-02-06-01(11)","N.D. Admin. Code § 43-02-06-01(12)"],"sources":[{"citation":"N.D.C.C. § 38-08-06.3","title":"North Dakota Century Code, Chapter 38-08 (Control of Gas and Oil Resources), PDF created 2025-06-30","url":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t38c08.pdf","publisher":"North Dakota Legislative Branch","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"N.D. Admin. Code § 43-02-06-01","title":"North Dakota Administrative Code, Chapter 43-02-06 (Royalty Statements), Industrial Commission; last amended effective 2020-04-01","url":"https://ndlegis.gov/information/acdata/pdf/43-02-06.pdf","publisher":"North Dakota Legislative Branch (Administrative Code)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"escheat":{"status":"statute","headline":"Abandoned after three years unclaimed","citations":["N.D.C.C. § 47-30.2-04(16)","N.D.C.C. § 47-30.2-01(19)"],"sources":[{"citation":"N.D.C.C. § 47-30.2-04(16)","title":"North Dakota Century Code, Chapter 47-30.2 (Revised Uniform Unclaimed Property Act), PDF created 2025-06-30","url":"https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t47c30-2.pdf","publisher":"North Dakota Legislative Branch","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]}}},{"state":"Ohio","abbr":"OH","slug":"ohio","url":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/royalty-payment-law/ohio","apiUrl":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/api/v1/royalty-payment-law/ohio","actName":null,"lastReviewed":"2026-11-02","quickAnswer":"We found no Ohio statute that sets a deadline, interest, minimum-payment rule, suspense rule or division-order rule for oil and gas royalty payments. Ohio does set a limitations period for royalty-payment claims under a recorded lease: four years, which the original agreement may shorten to not less than one year (ORC 2305.041 and 1302.98), lets a natural-gas royalty holder request a volume report, and treats royalties and oil and mineral proceeds as unclaimed funds after one year.","fields":{"firstPayment":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Ohio Revised Code Chapter 1509 (Division of Oil and Gas Resources Management - Oil and Gas), full chapter page; sections show 'Last updated' July 2026, several sections effective Sept. 23, 2026","url":"https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/chapter-1509","publisher":"Ohio Legislative Service Commission (codes.ohio.gov)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"subsequentPayments":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Ohio Revised Code Chapter 1509 (Division of Oil and Gas Resources Management - Oil and Gas), full chapter page; sections show 'Last updated' July 2026, several sections effective Sept. 23, 2026","url":"https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/chapter-1509","publisher":"Ohio Legislative Service Commission (codes.ohio.gov)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"minimumPayment":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Ohio Revised Code Chapter 1509 (Division of Oil and Gas Resources Management - Oil and Gas), full chapter page; sections show 'Last updated' July 2026, several sections effective Sept. 23, 2026","url":"https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/chapter-1509","publisher":"Ohio Legislative Service Commission (codes.ohio.gov)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"lateInterest":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Ohio Revised Code Chapter 1509 (Division of Oil and Gas Resources Management - Oil and Gas), full chapter page; sections show 'Last updated' July 2026, several sections effective Sept. 23, 2026","url":"https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/chapter-1509","publisher":"Ohio Legislative Service Commission (codes.ohio.gov)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"suspense":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Ohio Revised Code Chapter 1509 (Division of Oil and Gas Resources Management - Oil and Gas), full chapter page; sections show 'Last updated' July 2026, several sections effective Sept. 23, 2026","url":"https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/chapter-1509","publisher":"Ohio Legislative Service Commission (codes.ohio.gov)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"divisionOrders":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Ohio Revised Code Chapter 1509 (Division of Oil and Gas Resources Management - Oil and Gas), full chapter page; sections show 'Last updated' July 2026, several sections effective Sept. 23, 2026","url":"https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/chapter-1509","publisher":"Ohio Legislative Service Commission (codes.ohio.gov)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"ownerRemedy":{"status":"statute","headline":"Recorded leases: four-year limitations period from breach; the original agreement may shorten it","citations":["Ohio Rev. Code § 2305.041(A)","Ohio Rev. Code § 1302.98(A)-(B)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Ohio Rev. Code § 2305.041(A)","title":"Ohio Revised Code § 2305.041 (Action for breach of oil or gas lease or license)","url":"https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-2305.041","publisher":"Ohio Legislative Service Commission (codes.ohio.gov)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"Ohio Rev. Code § 1302.98(A)-(B)","title":"Ohio Revised Code § 1302.98 (Statute of limitations in contracts for sale)","url":"https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-1302.98","publisher":"Ohio Legislative Service Commission (codes.ohio.gov)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"checkStub":{"status":"statute","headline":"Gas wells: volume report on the holder's request","citations":["Ohio Rev. Code § 1509.30","Ohio Rev. Code § 1509.30(A)","Ohio Rev. Code § 1509.30(B)","Ohio Rev. Code § 1509.30(C)","Ohio Rev. Code § 1509.33(A)","Ohio Rev. Code § 1509.99(A)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Ohio Rev. Code § 1509.30","title":"Ohio Revised Code Chapter 1509 (Division of Oil and Gas Resources Management - Oil and Gas), full chapter page; sections show 'Last updated' July 2026, several sections effective Sept. 23, 2026","url":"https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/chapter-1509","publisher":"Ohio Legislative Service Commission (codes.ohio.gov)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"escheat":{"status":"statute","headline":"Unclaimed funds after one year","citations":["Ohio Rev. Code § 169.02(N)","Ohio Rev. Code § 169.01(B)(1)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Ohio Rev. Code § 169.02(N)","title":"Ohio Revised Code Chapter 169 (Unclaimed Funds), full chapter page; § 169.01 effective Sept. 30, 2025; § 169.02 effective Sept. 13, 2022","url":"https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/chapter-169","publisher":"Ohio Legislative Service Commission (codes.ohio.gov)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]}}},{"state":"Oklahoma","abbr":"OK","slug":"oklahoma","url":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/royalty-payment-law/oklahoma","apiUrl":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/api/v1/royalty-payment-law/oklahoma","actName":"Production Revenue Standards Act, 52 O.S. §§ 570.1 to 570.15","lastReviewed":"2026-11-02","quickAnswer":"Oklahoma's Production Revenue Standards Act requires payment to begin not later than six months after the date of first sale, then by the last day of the second month after the month of sale (or the third month for certain gas proceeds remitted to the operator) (52 O.S. § 570.10(B)). Since the amendment effective November 1, 2026, late proceeds earn interest at 15% per annum, while proceeds held for unmarketable title earn the Wall Street Journal prime rate, capped at 6% (§ 570.10(D)). The prevailing party in a suit under the Act recovers costs including reasonable attorney fees (§ 570.14).","fields":{"firstPayment":{"status":"statute","headline":"Not later than six months after the date of first sale","citations":["52 O.S. § 570.10(B)(1)(a)"],"sources":[{"citation":"52 O.S. § 570.10(B)(1)(a)","title":"52 O.S. § 570.10 — Proceeds from Sale of Production (OSCN 2026; as amended by Laws 2026, HB 1371, c. 175, § 1, eff. November 1, 2026)","url":"https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=80938","publisher":"Oklahoma State Courts Network (OSCN)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"subsequentPayments":{"status":"statute","headline":"By the last day of the second month after the month of sale (third month for certain gas proceeds)","citations":["52 O.S. § 570.10(B)(1)(b)","52 O.S. § 570.10(B)(2)(b)"],"sources":[{"citation":"52 O.S. § 570.10(B)(1)(b)","title":"52 O.S. § 570.10 — Proceeds from Sale of Production (OSCN 2026; as amended by Laws 2026, HB 1371, c. 175, § 1, eff. November 1, 2026)","url":"https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=80938","publisher":"Oklahoma State Courts Network (OSCN)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"minimumPayment":{"status":"statute","headline":"May pay annually when 12 months total at least $10 but less than $100","citations":["52 O.S. § 570.10(B)(3)(a)","52 O.S. § 570.10(B)(3)(b)","52 O.S. § 570.10(B)(3)(c)"],"sources":[{"citation":"52 O.S. § 570.10(B)(3)(a)","title":"52 O.S. § 570.10 — Proceeds from Sale of Production (OSCN 2026; as amended by Laws 2026, HB 1371, c. 175, § 1, eff. November 1, 2026)","url":"https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=80938","publisher":"Oklahoma State Courts Network (OSCN)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"lateInterest":{"status":"statute","headline":"15% per annum (12% compounded annually before the November 1, 2026 amendment)","citations":["52 O.S. § 570.10(F)","52 O.S. § 570.10(D)(1)","52 O.S. § 570.10(D)(2)(a)","52 O.S. § 570.10(E)(1)","52 O.S. § 570.10(D)(1) (superseded)","Okla. Sess. Laws 2026, c. 175 (HB 1371), § 4"],"sources":[{"citation":"52 O.S. § 570.10(F)","title":"52 O.S. § 570.10 — Proceeds from Sale of Production (OSCN 2026; as amended by Laws 2026, HB 1371, c. 175, § 1, eff. November 1, 2026)","url":"https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=80938","publisher":"Oklahoma State Courts Network (OSCN)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"52 O.S. § 570.10(D)(1) (superseded)","title":"52 O.S. § 570.10 — superseded version (text in force before November 1, 2026), OSCN superseded-document link","url":"https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=552383","publisher":"Oklahoma State Courts Network (OSCN)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"Okla. Sess. Laws 2026, c. 175 (HB 1371), § 4","title":"Oklahoma Session Laws 2026, c. 175 (HB 1371) — amends 52 O.S. §§ 570.10, 903 and 60 O.S. § 658; effective November 1, 2026","url":"https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=551895","publisher":"Oklahoma State Courts Network (OSCN)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"suspense":{"status":"statute","headline":"Unmarketable title earns capped prime-rate interest; interpleader after 120 days","citations":["52 O.S. § 570.10(B)(4)","52 O.S. § 570.10(D)(2)(a)","52 O.S. § 570.10(D)(2)(b)","52 O.S. § 570.10(D)(2)(c)","52 O.S. § 570.10(D)(2)(d)","52 O.S. § 570.10(D)(2)(e)","52 O.S. § 570.10(H)(1)","52 O.S. § 570.10(H)(8)"],"sources":[{"citation":"52 O.S. § 570.10(B)(4)","title":"52 O.S. § 570.10 — Proceeds from Sale of Production (OSCN 2026; as amended by Laws 2026, HB 1371, c. 175, § 1, eff. November 1, 2026)","url":"https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=80938","publisher":"Oklahoma State Courts Network (OSCN)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"divisionOrders":{"status":"statute","headline":"Cannot relieve lease obligations; conflicting terms invalid","citations":["52 O.S. § 570.11"],"sources":[{"citation":"52 O.S. § 570.11","title":"52 O.S. § 570.11 — Division Order Defined","url":"https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=80939","publisher":"Oklahoma State Courts Network (OSCN)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"ownerRemedy":{"status":"statute","headline":"District court; prevailing party recovers attorney and expert fees; five-year limit","citations":["52 O.S. § 570.14(A)","52 O.S. § 570.14(C)","52 O.S. § 570.14(D)(1)","52 O.S. § 903"],"sources":[{"citation":"52 O.S. § 570.14(A)","title":"52 O.S. § 570.14 — Jurisdiction, Owner Remedies, Statute of Limitations","url":"https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=80942","publisher":"Oklahoma State Courts Network (OSCN)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"52 O.S. § 903","title":"52 O.S. § 903 — Failure to Pay Proceeds from Production - Remedies (Energy Litigation Reform Act; as amended eff. November 1, 2026)","url":"https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=466643","publisher":"Oklahoma State Courts Network (OSCN)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"checkStub":{"status":"statute","headline":"Statutory list of items with each payment; decimals to six places","citations":["52 O.S. § 570.12(A)(1)-(5)","52 O.S. § 570.12(A)(6)-(10)","52 O.S. § 570.12(B)(1)","52 O.S. § 570.12(C)"],"sources":[{"citation":"52 O.S. § 570.12(A)(1)-(5)","title":"52 O.S. § 570.12 — Information Included with Payment to Interest Owner","url":"https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=80940","publisher":"Oklahoma State Courts Network (OSCN)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"escheat":{"status":"statute","headline":"Presumed abandoned 36 months after due","citations":["60 O.S. § 658(C)","60 O.S. § 658(A)","52 O.S. § 570.10(I)","60 O.S. § 658.1","Okla. Sess. Laws 2026, c. 175 (HB 1371), § 4"],"sources":[{"citation":"60 O.S. § 658(C)","title":"60 O.S. § 658 — Miscellaneous Personal Property Held for Another (Uniform Unclaimed Property Act; as amended eff. November 1, 2026)","url":"https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=440411","publisher":"Oklahoma State Courts Network (OSCN)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"52 O.S. § 570.10(I)","title":"52 O.S. § 570.10 — Proceeds from Sale of Production (OSCN 2026; as amended by Laws 2026, HB 1371, c. 175, § 1, eff. November 1, 2026)","url":"https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=80938","publisher":"Oklahoma State Courts Network (OSCN)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"60 O.S. § 658.1","title":"60 O.S. § 658.1 — Mineral Interest in Land in Oklahoma","url":"https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=86055","publisher":"Oklahoma State Courts Network (OSCN)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"Okla. Sess. Laws 2026, c. 175 (HB 1371), § 4","title":"Oklahoma Session Laws 2026, c. 175 (HB 1371) — amends 52 O.S. §§ 570.10, 903 and 60 O.S. § 658; effective November 1, 2026","url":"https://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=551895","publisher":"Oklahoma State Courts Network (OSCN)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]}}},{"state":"Pennsylvania","abbr":"PA","slug":"pennsylvania","url":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/royalty-payment-law/pennsylvania","apiUrl":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/api/v1/royalty-payment-law/pennsylvania","actName":"Oil and Gas Lease Act (Act of July 20, 1979, P.L. 183), as amended","lastReviewed":"2026-11-02","quickAnswer":"For oil, gas and natural gas liquids from an unconventional formation, Pennsylvania requires proceeds to be remitted no later than 120 days from the date of first sale, then within 60 days after the end of the month of sale, unless the lease provides otherwise (Oil and Gas Lease Act § 3.3); the deadlines do not apply where record title is unmarketable, the interest is in bona fide dispute, or the owner is missing or cannot be located. A late payment of those proceeds carries a mandatory interest penalty at the legal rate under the Loan Interest and Protection Law. For any production, a division order may not amend or supplement the lease (§ 3.4).","fields":{"firstPayment":{"status":"statute","headline":"Unconventional, unless the lease provides otherwise: no later than 120 days from first sale","citations":["Pa. Oil and Gas Lease Act § 3.3(e)(1)(i)","Pa. Oil and Gas Lease Act § 3.3 (heading)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Pa. Oil and Gas Lease Act § 3.3(e)(1)(i)","title":"Oil and Gas Lease Act, Act of July 20, 1979, P.L. 183, No. 60 (unconsolidated statute, as amended through Act of Nov. 3, 2022, P.L. 2147, No. 153)","url":"https://www.palegis.us/statutes/unconsolidated/law-information/view-statute?txtType=PDF&SessYr=1979&SessInd=0&ActNum=0060","publisher":"Pennsylvania General Assembly","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"subsequentPayments":{"status":"statute","headline":"Unconventional, unless the lease provides otherwise: 60 days after the end of the month of sale","citations":["Pa. Oil and Gas Lease Act § 3.3(e)(1)(ii)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Pa. Oil and Gas Lease Act § 3.3(e)(1)(ii)","title":"Oil and Gas Lease Act, Act of July 20, 1979, P.L. 183, No. 60 (unconsolidated statute, as amended through Act of Nov. 3, 2022, P.L. 2147, No. 153)","url":"https://www.palegis.us/statutes/unconsolidated/law-information/view-statute?txtType=PDF&SessYr=1979&SessInd=0&ActNum=0060","publisher":"Pennsylvania General Assembly","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"minimumPayment":{"status":"statute","headline":"Unconventional: annual when 12 months total less than $100","citations":["Pa. Oil and Gas Lease Act § 3.3(f)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Pa. Oil and Gas Lease Act § 3.3(f)","title":"Oil and Gas Lease Act, Act of July 20, 1979, P.L. 183, No. 60 (unconsolidated statute, as amended through Act of Nov. 3, 2022, P.L. 2147, No. 153)","url":"https://www.palegis.us/statutes/unconsolidated/law-information/view-statute?txtType=PDF&SessYr=1979&SessInd=0&ActNum=0060","publisher":"Pennsylvania General Assembly","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"lateInterest":{"status":"statute","headline":"Unconventional, unless the lease provides otherwise: penalty at the legal rate (six percent per annum)","citations":["Pa. Oil and Gas Lease Act § 3.3(e)(3)","Loan Interest and Protection Law § 202 (Act of Jan. 30, 1974, P.L. 13, No. 6)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Pa. Oil and Gas Lease Act § 3.3(e)(3)","title":"Oil and Gas Lease Act, Act of July 20, 1979, P.L. 183, No. 60 (unconsolidated statute, as amended through Act of Nov. 3, 2022, P.L. 2147, No. 153)","url":"https://www.palegis.us/statutes/unconsolidated/law-information/view-statute?txtType=PDF&SessYr=1979&SessInd=0&ActNum=0060","publisher":"Pennsylvania General Assembly","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"Loan Interest and Protection Law § 202 (Act of Jan. 30, 1974, P.L. 13, No. 6)","title":"Loan Interest and Protection Law, Act of Jan. 30, 1974, P.L. 13, No. 6","url":"https://www.palegis.us/statutes/unconsolidated/law-information/view-statute?txtType=PDF&SessYr=1974&SessInd=0&ActNum=0006","publisher":"Pennsylvania General Assembly","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"suspense":{"status":"statute","headline":"Unconventional: deadlines do not apply for title defects, bona fide disputes or missing owners","citations":["Pa. Oil and Gas Lease Act § 3.3(e)(2)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Pa. Oil and Gas Lease Act § 3.3(e)(2)","title":"Oil and Gas Lease Act, Act of July 20, 1979, P.L. 183, No. 60 (unconsolidated statute, as amended through Act of Nov. 3, 2022, P.L. 2147, No. 153)","url":"https://www.palegis.us/statutes/unconsolidated/law-information/view-statute?txtType=PDF&SessYr=1979&SessInd=0&ActNum=0060","publisher":"Pennsylvania General Assembly","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"divisionOrders":{"status":"statute","headline":"The lease controls; a division order may not amend it","citations":["Pa. Oil and Gas Lease Act § 1.2 (definition of \"Division order\")","Pa. Oil and Gas Lease Act § 3.4"],"sources":[{"citation":"Pa. Oil and Gas Lease Act § 1.2 (definition of \"Division order\")","title":"Oil and Gas Lease Act, Act of July 20, 1979, P.L. 183, No. 60 (unconsolidated statute, as amended through Act of Nov. 3, 2022, P.L. 2147, No. 153)","url":"https://www.palegis.us/statutes/unconsolidated/law-information/view-statute?txtType=PDF&SessYr=1979&SessInd=0&ActNum=0060","publisher":"Pennsylvania General Assembly","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"ownerRemedy":{"status":"statute","headline":"Unconventional: certified-mail request for payment information; suit after 60 days","citations":["Pa. Oil and Gas Lease Act § 3.3(c)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Pa. Oil and Gas Lease Act § 3.3(c)","title":"Oil and Gas Lease Act, Act of July 20, 1979, P.L. 183, No. 60 (unconsolidated statute, as amended through Act of Nov. 3, 2022, P.L. 2147, No. 153)","url":"https://www.palegis.us/statutes/unconsolidated/law-information/view-statute?txtType=PDF&SessYr=1979&SessInd=0&ActNum=0060","publisher":"Pennsylvania General Assembly","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"checkStub":{"status":"statute","headline":"Statutory list of items for conventional and unconventional production","citations":["Pa. Oil and Gas Lease Act § 3.2","Pa. Oil and Gas Lease Act § 3.2(5)","Pa. Oil and Gas Lease Act § 3.3(a)(1)","Pa. Oil and Gas Lease Act § 3.3(a)(5)","Pa. Oil and Gas Lease Act § 3.3(b)","Pa. Oil and Gas Lease Act § 3.3(a)(10)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Pa. Oil and Gas Lease Act § 3.2","title":"Oil and Gas Lease Act, Act of July 20, 1979, P.L. 183, No. 60 (unconsolidated statute, as amended through Act of Nov. 3, 2022, P.L. 2147, No. 153)","url":"https://www.palegis.us/statutes/unconsolidated/law-information/view-statute?txtType=PDF&SessYr=1979&SessInd=0&ActNum=0060","publisher":"Pennsylvania General Assembly","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"escheat":{"status":"statute","headline":"No mineral-specific section; Treasury guidance lists 3 years","citations":["Pa. Fiscal Code § 1301.10, clause 1 (Act of Apr. 9, 1929, P.L. 343, No. 176)","Pennsylvania Treasury, Pennsylvania Dormancy Matrix"],"sources":[{"citation":"Pa. Fiscal Code § 1301.10, clause 1 (Act of Apr. 9, 1929, P.L. 343, No. 176)","title":"The Fiscal Code, Act of Apr. 9, 1929, P.L. 343, No. 176, Article XIII.1 (Disposition of Abandoned and Unclaimed Property)","url":"https://www.palegis.us/statutes/unconsolidated/law-information/view-statute?txtType=PDF&SessYr=1929&SessInd=0&ActNum=0176","publisher":"Pennsylvania General Assembly","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"Pennsylvania Treasury, Pennsylvania Dormancy Matrix","title":"Pennsylvania Dormancy Matrix (holder guidance; undated)","url":"https://www.patreasury.gov/pdf/unclaimed-property/Dormancy-Matrix.pdf","publisher":"Pennsylvania Treasury","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]}}},{"state":"South Dakota","abbr":"SD","slug":"south-dakota","url":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/royalty-payment-law/south-dakota","apiUrl":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/api/v1/royalty-payment-law/south-dakota","actName":null,"lastReviewed":"2026-11-02","quickAnswer":"We found no South Dakota statute that sets a deadline, minimum-payment rule, late-payment interest, owner remedy or check-stub requirement for oil and gas royalty payments, and no general division-order rule (SDCL Title 45 and ARSD 74:12 read in full); a unit-operations order does not terminate an existing division order (SDCL 45-9-50). For an owner who cannot be located or identified, a court may declare a trust for the royalties (SDCL ch. 43-30B), and unpaid mineral proceeds are presumed abandoned after three years under the unclaimed property act.","fields":{"firstPayment":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"South Dakota Codified Laws Title 45 (Mining, Oil and Gas), full text","url":"https://sdlegislature.gov/api/Statutes/45.html?all=true","publisher":"South Dakota Legislative Research Council","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"subsequentPayments":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"South Dakota Codified Laws Title 45 (Mining, Oil and Gas), full text","url":"https://sdlegislature.gov/api/Statutes/45.html?all=true","publisher":"South Dakota Legislative Research Council","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"minimumPayment":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"South Dakota Codified Laws Title 45 (Mining, Oil and Gas), full text","url":"https://sdlegislature.gov/api/Statutes/45.html?all=true","publisher":"South Dakota Legislative Research Council","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"lateInterest":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"South Dakota Codified Laws Title 45 (Mining, Oil and Gas), full text","url":"https://sdlegislature.gov/api/Statutes/45.html?all=true","publisher":"South Dakota Legislative Research Council","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"suspense":{"status":"statute","headline":"Court trust for owners who cannot be located or identified","citations":["SDCL 43-30B-1","SDCL 43-30B-2","SDCL 43-30B-3","SDCL 43-30B-4","SDCL 43-30B-5"],"sources":[{"citation":"SDCL 43-30B-1","title":"SDCL Chapter 43-30B, Trust for Unlocated or Unidentified Mineral Interest Owners (UTF-16LE converted to UTF-8)","url":"https://sdlegislature.gov/api/Statutes/43-30B.html?all=true","publisher":"South Dakota Legislative Research Council","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"divisionOrders":{"status":"statute","headline":"Only: a unit order does not terminate an existing division order","citations":["SDCL 45-9-50","SDCL 43-30B-3"],"sources":[{"citation":"SDCL 45-9-50","title":"South Dakota Codified Laws Title 45 (Mining, Oil and Gas), full text","url":"https://sdlegislature.gov/api/Statutes/45.html?all=true","publisher":"South Dakota Legislative Research Council","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"SDCL 43-30B-3","title":"SDCL Chapter 43-30B, Trust for Unlocated or Unidentified Mineral Interest Owners (UTF-16LE converted to UTF-8)","url":"https://sdlegislature.gov/api/Statutes/43-30B.html?all=true","publisher":"South Dakota Legislative Research Council","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"ownerRemedy":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"South Dakota Codified Laws Title 45 (Mining, Oil and Gas), full text","url":"https://sdlegislature.gov/api/Statutes/45.html?all=true","publisher":"South Dakota Legislative Research Council","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"checkStub":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"South Dakota Codified Laws Title 45 (Mining, Oil and Gas), full text","url":"https://sdlegislature.gov/api/Statutes/45.html?all=true","publisher":"South Dakota Legislative Research Council","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"escheat":{"status":"statute","headline":"Presumed abandoned after three years","citations":["SDCL 43-41B-1(10)(a)","SDCL 43-41B-2(a)","SDCL 43-41B-1(1)"],"sources":[{"citation":"SDCL 43-41B-1(10)(a)","title":"SDCL Chapter 43-41B, Uniform Unclaimed Property Act (UTF-16LE converted to UTF-8)","url":"https://sdlegislature.gov/api/Statutes/43-41B.html?all=true","publisher":"South Dakota Legislative Research Council","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]}}},{"state":"Texas","abbr":"TX","slug":"texas","url":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/royalty-payment-law/texas","apiUrl":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/api/v1/royalty-payment-law/texas","actName":"Texas Natural Resources Code, Chapter 91, Subchapter J (Payment for Proceeds of Sale) and Subchapter L (Royalty Reporting Standards)","lastReviewed":"2026-11-02","quickAnswer":"Texas requires the first payment of oil and gas proceeds within 120 days after the end of the month of first sale, then payments on the schedule in the lease or, if the lease is silent, within 60 days (oil) or 90 days (gas) after the end of the month of sale (Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.402; royalties payable to the University of Texas System regents or the General Land Office are excluded by § 91.405). Late payments carry interest at two percentage points above the rate the New York Federal Reserve Bank charges on loans to depository institutions (§ 91.403), and an owner must give written notice and allow the payor 30 days before suing (§ 91.404).","fields":{"firstPayment":{"status":"statute","headline":"Within 120 days after the end of the month of first sale","citations":["Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.405","Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.402(a)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.405","title":"Texas Natural Resources Code, Chapter 91 (Subchapter J, Payment for Proceeds of Sale; Subchapter L, Royalty Reporting Standards)","url":"https://tcss.legis.texas.gov/resources/NR/htm/NR.91.htm","publisher":"Texas Legislative Council","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"subsequentPayments":{"status":"statute","headline":"On the lease schedule; if silent, 60 days (oil) or 90 days (gas) after the month of sale","citations":["Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.402(a)","Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.402(a)(1)","Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.402(a)(2)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.402(a)","title":"Texas Natural Resources Code, Chapter 91 (Subchapter J, Payment for Proceeds of Sale; Subchapter L, Royalty Reporting Standards)","url":"https://tcss.legis.texas.gov/resources/NR/htm/NR.91.htm","publisher":"Texas Legislative Council","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"minimumPayment":{"status":"statute","headline":"May pay annually when $100 or less is owed","citations":["Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.402(f)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.402(f)","title":"Texas Natural Resources Code, Chapter 91 (Subchapter J, Payment for Proceeds of Sale; Subchapter L, Royalty Reporting Standards)","url":"https://tcss.legis.texas.gov/resources/NR/htm/NR.91.htm","publisher":"Texas Legislative Council","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"lateInterest":{"status":"statute","headline":"Two percentage points above the New York Fed rate on loans to depository institutions","citations":["Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.403(a)","Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.407(d)","Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.403(c)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.403(a)","title":"Texas Natural Resources Code, Chapter 91 (Subchapter J, Payment for Proceeds of Sale; Subchapter L, Royalty Reporting Standards)","url":"https://tcss.legis.texas.gov/resources/NR/htm/NR.91.htm","publisher":"Texas Legislative Council","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"suspense":{"status":"statute","headline":"May withhold without interest for a title dispute, title doubts and other listed reasons","citations":["Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.402(b)(1)","Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.402(b)(2)","Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.402(b-1)","Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.402(e)","Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.403(b)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.402(b)(1)","title":"Texas Natural Resources Code, Chapter 91 (Subchapter J, Payment for Proceeds of Sale; Subchapter L, Royalty Reporting Standards)","url":"https://tcss.legis.texas.gov/resources/NR/htm/NR.91.htm","publisher":"Texas Legislative Council","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"divisionOrders":{"status":"statute","headline":"Statutory provisions only; a division order does not amend the lease","citations":["Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.402(c)(1)","Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.402(c)(2)","Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.402(g)","Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.402(h)","Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.402(i)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.402(c)(1)","title":"Texas Natural Resources Code, Chapter 91 (Subchapter J, Payment for Proceeds of Sale; Subchapter L, Royalty Reporting Standards)","url":"https://tcss.legis.texas.gov/resources/NR/htm/NR.91.htm","publisher":"Texas Legislative Council","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"ownerRemedy":{"status":"statute","headline":"Written notice first; payor has 30 days; attorney's fees on a judgment","citations":["Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.404(a)","Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.404(b)","Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.404(c)","Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.406","Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.507(c)-(d)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.404(a)","title":"Texas Natural Resources Code, Chapter 91 (Subchapter J, Payment for Proceeds of Sale; Subchapter L, Royalty Reporting Standards)","url":"https://tcss.legis.texas.gov/resources/NR/htm/NR.91.htm","publisher":"Texas Legislative Council","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"checkStub":{"status":"statute","headline":"Each stub, attachment or remittance advice must show the statutory list of items","citations":["Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.501","Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.502(1)-(4)","Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.502(5)-(12)","Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.504(a)","Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.505","Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.506(b)","Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.504(e)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Tex. Nat. Res. Code § 91.501","title":"Texas Natural Resources Code, Chapter 91 (Subchapter J, Payment for Proceeds of Sale; Subchapter L, Royalty Reporting Standards)","url":"https://tcss.legis.texas.gov/resources/NR/htm/NR.91.htm","publisher":"Texas Legislative Council","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"escheat":{"status":"statute","headline":"Presumed abandoned after three years unclaimed","citations":["Tex. Prop. Code § 75.001(a)(2)","Tex. Prop. Code § 75.101(a)","Tex. Prop. Code § 75.101(b)","Tex. Prop. Code § 74.301(a)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Tex. Prop. Code § 75.001(a)(2)","title":"Texas Property Code, Chapter 75 (Texas Minerals) — unclaimed mineral proceeds","url":"https://tcss.legis.texas.gov/resources/PR/htm/PR.75.htm","publisher":"Texas Legislative Council","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"Tex. Prop. Code § 74.301(a)","title":"Texas Property Code, Chapter 74 (Report, Delivery, and Claims Process) — unclaimed property","url":"https://tcss.legis.texas.gov/resources/PR/htm/PR.74.htm","publisher":"Texas Legislative Council","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]}}},{"state":"Utah","abbr":"UT","slug":"utah","url":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/royalty-payment-law/utah","apiUrl":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/api/v1/royalty-payment-law/utah","actName":null,"lastReviewed":"2026-11-02","quickAnswer":"Unless a valid contract provides otherwise, Utah requires oil and gas proceeds to be paid no later than 180 days after the first day of the month following first sale, then within 30 days after the end of the month in which the payor is paid (Utah Code § 40-6-9). Proceeds that cannot be paid on time go into an interest-bearing escrow account or, where title or entitlement is in question and the claimant requests and pays for it, into court on an interpleader action, and an owner may petition the Board of Oil, Gas, and Mining for a hearing on unpaid proceeds.","fields":{"firstPayment":{"status":"statute","headline":"Unless a valid contract provides otherwise: 180 days after the first day of the month following first sale","citations":["Utah Code § 40-6-9(1)(a)","Utah Code § 40-6-9(1)(b)-(c)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Utah Code § 40-6-9(1)(a)","title":"Utah Code § 40-6-9, Proceeds from sale of production -- Payment of proceeds -- Requirements -- Proceeding on petition to determine cause of nonpayment -- Remedies -- Penalties (current version; last amended Chapter 324, 2010 General Session). le.utah.gov refused direct curl connections; fetched via Firecrawl PDF parser.","url":"https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title40/Chapter6/C40-6-S9_1800010118000101.pdf","publisher":"Utah Legislature, Office of Legislative Research and General Counsel","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"subsequentPayments":{"status":"statute","headline":"Unless a valid contract provides otherwise: 30 days after the end of the month the payor is paid","citations":["Utah Code § 40-6-9(1)(a)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Utah Code § 40-6-9(1)(a)","title":"Utah Code § 40-6-9, Proceeds from sale of production -- Payment of proceeds -- Requirements -- Proceeding on petition to determine cause of nonpayment -- Remedies -- Penalties (current version; last amended Chapter 324, 2010 General Session). le.utah.gov refused direct curl connections; fetched via Firecrawl PDF parser.","url":"https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title40/Chapter6/C40-6-S9_1800010118000101.pdf","publisher":"Utah Legislature, Office of Legislative Research and General Counsel","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"minimumPayment":{"status":"statute","headline":"Annual when $100 or less is owed","citations":["Utah Code § 40-6-9(2)","Utah Code § 40-6-9(8)(c)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Utah Code § 40-6-9(2)","title":"Utah Code § 40-6-9, Proceeds from sale of production -- Payment of proceeds -- Requirements -- Proceeding on petition to determine cause of nonpayment -- Remedies -- Penalties (current version; last amended Chapter 324, 2010 General Session). le.utah.gov refused direct curl connections; fetched via Firecrawl PDF parser.","url":"https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title40/Chapter6/C40-6-S9_1800010118000101.pdf","publisher":"Utah Legislature, Office of Legislative Research and General Counsel","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"lateInterest":{"status":"statute","headline":"No automatic rate; interest-bearing escrow; board may order interest after a hearing","citations":["Utah Code § 40-6-9(3)(b)(ii)","Utah Code § 40-6-9(7)(a)","Utah Code § 40-6-9(7)(c)(ii)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Utah Code § 40-6-9(3)(b)(ii)","title":"Utah Code § 40-6-9, Proceeds from sale of production -- Payment of proceeds -- Requirements -- Proceeding on petition to determine cause of nonpayment -- Remedies -- Penalties (current version; last amended Chapter 324, 2010 General Session). le.utah.gov refused direct curl connections; fetched via Firecrawl PDF parser.","url":"https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title40/Chapter6/C40-6-S9_1800010118000101.pdf","publisher":"Utah Legislature, Office of Legislative Research and General Counsel","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"suspense":{"status":"statute","headline":"Interest-bearing escrow or court interpleader at the claimant's request; paid within 30 days after entitlement is decided","citations":["Utah Code § 40-6-9(3)(b)(i)","Utah Code § 40-6-9(3)(b)(iv)-(v)","Utah Code § 40-6-9(3)(a)","Utah Code § 40-6-9(8)(a)","Utah Code § 40-6-9(8)(b)","Utah Code § 40-6-9(9)","Utah Code § 40-6-9(7)(d)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Utah Code § 40-6-9(3)(b)(i)","title":"Utah Code § 40-6-9, Proceeds from sale of production -- Payment of proceeds -- Requirements -- Proceeding on petition to determine cause of nonpayment -- Remedies -- Penalties (current version; last amended Chapter 324, 2010 General Session). le.utah.gov refused direct curl connections; fetched via Firecrawl PDF parser.","url":"https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title40/Chapter6/C40-6-S9_1800010118000101.pdf","publisher":"Utah Legislature, Office of Legislative Research and General Counsel","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"divisionOrders":{"status":"statute","headline":"Refusing a division order that does not alter the lease can justify suspense","citations":["Utah Code § 40-6-9(8)(d)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Utah Code § 40-6-9(8)(d)","title":"Utah Code § 40-6-9, Proceeds from sale of production -- Payment of proceeds -- Requirements -- Proceeding on petition to determine cause of nonpayment -- Remedies -- Penalties (current version; last amended Chapter 324, 2010 General Session). le.utah.gov refused direct curl connections; fetched via Firecrawl PDF parser.","url":"https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title40/Chapter6/C40-6-S9_1800010118000101.pdf","publisher":"Utah Legislature, Office of Legislative Research and General Counsel","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"ownerRemedy":{"status":"statute","headline":"Petition the Board of Oil, Gas, and Mining, or sue for damages directly","citations":["Utah Code § 40-6-9(4)","Utah Code § 40-6-9(5)-(6)(a)","Utah Code § 40-6-9(6)(b)","Utah Code § 40-6-9(7)(b)","Utah Code § 40-6-9(7)(c)(i)","Utah Code § 40-6-11(7)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Utah Code § 40-6-9(4)","title":"Utah Code § 40-6-9, Proceeds from sale of production -- Payment of proceeds -- Requirements -- Proceeding on petition to determine cause of nonpayment -- Remedies -- Penalties (current version; last amended Chapter 324, 2010 General Session). le.utah.gov refused direct curl connections; fetched via Firecrawl PDF parser.","url":"https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title40/Chapter6/C40-6-S9_1800010118000101.pdf","publisher":"Utah Legislature, Office of Legislative Research and General Counsel","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"Utah Code § 40-6-11(7)","title":"Utah Code § 40-6-11 (effective 5/12/2020), excerpt of subsection (7), civil liability","url":"https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title40/Chapter6/C40-6-S11_2020051220200512.pdf","publisher":"Utah Legislature, Office of Legislative Research and General Counsel","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"checkStub":{"status":"statute","headline":"Statutory list of items on the stub or an attachment","citations":["Utah Code § 40-6-9.1(1)","Utah Code § 40-6-9.1(1)(a)-(c)","Utah Code § 40-6-9.1(1)(d)-(g)","Utah Code § 40-6-9.1(1)(h)-(i)","Utah Code § 40-6-9.1(1)(j)-(k)","Utah Code § 40-6-9.1(2)(a), (3)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Utah Code § 40-6-9.1(1)","title":"Utah Code § 40-6-9.1, Payment information to royalty owners (enacted Chapter 132, 1995 General Session; current version)","url":"https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title40/Chapter6/C40-6-S9.1_1800010118000101.pdf","publisher":"Utah Legislature, Office of Legislative Research and General Counsel","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"escheat":{"status":"statute","headline":"No mineral-specific period; catch-all period applies","citations":["Utah Code § 67-4a-102 (Mineral proceeds)","Utah Code § 67-4a-102 (Property)","Utah Code § 67-4a-201(14)","Utah Code § 67-4a-201(5)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Utah Code § 67-4a-102 (Mineral proceeds)","title":"Utah Code § 67-4a-102, Definitions (effective 5/6/2026) - excerpt of the definitions of Mineral, Mineral proceeds and Property, extracted verbatim by Firecrawl directQuote from the official PDF","url":"https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title67/Chapter4A/C67-4a-S102_2026050620260506.pdf","publisher":"Utah Legislature, Office of Legislative Research and General Counsel","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"Utah Code § 67-4a-201(14)","title":"Utah Code § 67-4a-201, When property presumed abandoned (Revised Uniform Unclaimed Property Act; effective 5/6/2026, amended Chapter 158, 2026 General Session)","url":"https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title67/Chapter4A/C67-4a-S201_2026050620260506.pdf","publisher":"Utah Legislature, Office of Legislative Research and General Counsel","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]}}},{"state":"Virginia","abbr":"VA","slug":"virginia","url":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/royalty-payment-law/virginia","apiUrl":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/api/v1/royalty-payment-law/virginia","actName":"Virginia Gas and Oil Act, Va. Code Title 45.2, Chapter 16","lastReviewed":"2026-11-02","quickAnswer":"We found no Virginia statute that sets a deadline, interest, minimum-payment rule, division-order rule, owner remedy or check-stub requirement for royalty payments under a private lease. Virginia's suspense rules come from pooling: the share of an owner whose identity and location both remain unknown is paid into a Gas and Oil Board escrow account (Va. Code § 45.2-1620) or, at the operator's option, to the Treasury's Unclaimed Property Division under the Gas and Oil Board regulations, and business-held property is presumed abandoned after more than five years unclaimed.","fields":{"firstPayment":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Code of Virginia, Title 45.2, Chapter 16 (Virginia Gas and Oil Act), full chapter","url":"https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title45.2/chapter16/","publisher":"Virginia General Assembly (Legislative Information System)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"subsequentPayments":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Code of Virginia, Title 45.2, Chapter 16 (Virginia Gas and Oil Act), full chapter","url":"https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title45.2/chapter16/","publisher":"Virginia General Assembly (Legislative Information System)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"minimumPayment":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Code of Virginia, Title 45.2, Chapter 16 (Virginia Gas and Oil Act), full chapter","url":"https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title45.2/chapter16/","publisher":"Virginia General Assembly (Legislative Information System)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"lateInterest":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Code of Virginia, Title 45.2, Chapter 16 (Virginia Gas and Oil Act), full chapter","url":"https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title45.2/chapter16/","publisher":"Virginia General Assembly (Legislative Information System)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"suspense":{"status":"statute","headline":"Pooling: unknown owners' proceeds into Board escrow or the Treasury; conflicting coalbed methane claims escrowed or released under the coalbed methane sections","citations":["Va. Code § 45.2-1620(D)","4VAC25-160-90","Va. Code § 45.2-1622(B)(2)","Va. Code § 45.2-1622(B)(5)","Va. Code § 45.2-1624(A)","Va. Code § 45.2-1624(B)","Va. Code § 45.2-1624(C)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Va. Code § 45.2-1620(D)","title":"Code of Virginia, Title 45.2, Chapter 16 (Virginia Gas and Oil Act), full chapter","url":"https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title45.2/chapter16/","publisher":"Virginia General Assembly (Legislative Information System)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"4VAC25-160-90","title":"4VAC25-160 (Virginia Gas and Oil Board Regulations), full chapter","url":"https://law.lis.virginia.gov/admincodefull/title4/agency25/chapter160/","publisher":"Virginia General Assembly (Virginia Administrative Code)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"divisionOrders":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Code of Virginia, Title 45.2, Chapter 16 (Virginia Gas and Oil Act), full chapter","url":"https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title45.2/chapter16/","publisher":"Virginia General Assembly (Legislative Information System)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"ownerRemedy":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Code of Virginia, Title 45.2, Chapter 16 (Virginia Gas and Oil Act), full chapter","url":"https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title45.2/chapter16/","publisher":"Virginia General Assembly (Legislative Information System)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"checkStub":{"status":"none_found","headline":"No statute found","citations":[],"sources":[{"citation":null,"read":true,"title":"Code of Virginia, Title 45.2, Chapter 16 (Virginia Gas and Oil Act), full chapter","url":"https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title45.2/chapter16/","publisher":"Virginia General Assembly (Legislative Information System)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"escheat":{"status":"statute","headline":"No mineral-specific period; five years for business-held property","citations":["Va. Code § 55.1-2501","Virginia Department of the Treasury, Property Type Chart","Virginia Department of the Treasury, Property Type Chart (MI codes)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Va. Code § 55.1-2501","title":"Code of Virginia, Title 55.1, Chapter 25 (Virginia Disposition of Unclaimed Property Act), full chapter","url":"https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacodefull/title55.1/chapter25/","publisher":"Virginia General Assembly (Legislative Information System)","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"Virginia Department of the Treasury, Property Type Chart","title":"Property Type Chart / Property Codes & Dormancy Periods (holder guidance; undated)","url":"https://www.vamoneysearch.gov/docs/Property%20Codes%20&%20Dormancy%20Periods.pdf","publisher":"Virginia Department of the Treasury, Division of Unclaimed Property","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]}}},{"state":"West Virginia","abbr":"WV","slug":"west-virginia","url":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/royalty-payment-law/west-virginia","apiUrl":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/api/v1/royalty-payment-law/west-virginia","actName":null,"lastReviewed":"2026-11-02","quickAnswer":"For horizontal wells, West Virginia requires regular production payments within 120 days from the first date of sale and within 60 days after each later sale; late payments carry a mandatory interest penalty at the prime rate plus two percent, compounded quarterly (W. Va. Code ch. 37C, art. 1). The deadlines do not apply where nonpayment results from lack of record title, a legal dispute, or a missing or unlocatable owner. We found no first-payment deadline for conventional vertical wells.","fields":{"firstPayment":{"status":"statute","headline":"Horizontal wells: within 120 days from the first date of sale","citations":["W. Va. Code § 37C-1-3"],"sources":[{"citation":"W. Va. Code § 37C-1-3","title":"W. Va. Code § 37C-1-3 (Payments from horizontal wells to be made timely; interest penalties)","url":"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/37C-1-3","publisher":"West Virginia Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"subsequentPayments":{"status":"statute","headline":"Horizontal wells: within 60 days after each later sale","citations":["W. Va. Code § 37C-1-3"],"sources":[{"citation":"W. Va. Code § 37C-1-3","title":"W. Va. Code § 37C-1-3 (Payments from horizontal wells to be made timely; interest penalties)","url":"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/37C-1-3","publisher":"West Virginia Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"minimumPayment":{"status":"statute","headline":"Horizontal wells: may accumulate until over $100; paid at least yearly and when production or payment responsibility ends","citations":["W. Va. Code § 37C-1-2"],"sources":[{"citation":"W. Va. Code § 37C-1-2","title":"W. Va. Code § 37C-1-2 (Accumulation and payment of proceeds from production from horizontal wells)","url":"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/37C-1-2","publisher":"West Virginia Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"lateInterest":{"status":"statute","headline":"Horizontal wells: prime rate plus two percent, compounded quarterly","citations":["W. Va. Code § 37C-1-3"],"sources":[{"citation":"W. Va. Code § 37C-1-3","title":"W. Va. Code § 37C-1-3 (Payments from horizontal wells to be made timely; interest penalties)","url":"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/37C-1-3","publisher":"West Virginia Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"suspense":{"status":"statute","headline":"Horizontal wells: deadlines do not apply for title defects, disputes or missing owners","citations":["W. Va. Code § 37C-1-3","W. Va. Code § 37B-2-4(a)","W. Va. Code § 22C-9-7a(f)(16)"],"sources":[{"citation":"W. Va. Code § 37C-1-3","title":"W. Va. Code § 37C-1-3 (Payments from horizontal wells to be made timely; interest penalties)","url":"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/37C-1-3","publisher":"West Virginia Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"W. Va. Code § 37B-2-4(a)","title":"W. Va. Code § 37B-2-4 (Report of unknown and unlocatable interest owners)","url":"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/37B-2-4","publisher":"West Virginia Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"W. Va. Code § 22C-9-7a(f)(16)","title":"W. Va. Code § 22C-9-7a (Unitization of interests in horizontal well drilling units)","url":"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/22C-9-7A","publisher":"West Virginia Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"divisionOrders":{"status":"statute","headline":"Coalbed methane pooling orders only; no general statute found","citations":["W. Va. Code § 22-21-17(j)"],"sources":[{"citation":"W. Va. Code § 22-21-17(j)","title":"W. Va. Code § 22-21-17 (Coalbed methane pooling order; escrow; division order)","url":"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/22-21-17","publisher":"West Virginia Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"ownerRemedy":{"status":"statute","headline":"Horizontal wells: certified-mail request and suit after 60 days; conventional wells: treble liability after six months unpaid","citations":["W. Va. Code § 37C-1-1(b)","W. Va. Code § 36-4-9c(a)","W. Va. Code § 36-4-9c(b)","W. Va. Code § 36-4-9c(d)"],"sources":[{"citation":"W. Va. Code § 37C-1-1(b)","title":"W. Va. Code § 37C-1-1 (Oil and natural gas production information reporting from horizontal wells)","url":"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/37C-1-1","publisher":"West Virginia Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"W. Va. Code § 36-4-9c(a)","title":"W. Va. Code § 36-4-9c (Penalties for nonpayment of royalties ... conventional vertical wells)","url":"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/36-4-9C","publisher":"West Virginia Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"checkStub":{"status":"statute","headline":"Horizontal wells: statutory list of items with each payment","citations":["W. Va. Code § 37C-1-1(a)","W. Va. Code § 37C-1-1(a)(1)","W. Va. Code § 37C-1-1(a)(5)","W. Va. Code § 37C-1-1(a)(8)","W. Va. Code § 37C-1-1(a)(6)","W. Va. Code § 37C-1-1(a)(10)"],"sources":[{"citation":"W. Va. Code § 37C-1-1(a)","title":"W. Va. Code § 37C-1-1 (Oil and natural gas production information reporting from horizontal wells)","url":"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/37C-1-1","publisher":"West Virginia Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"escheat":{"status":"statute","headline":"No mineral-specific period; three-year catch-all","citations":["W. Va. Code § 36-8-2(a)(18)","W. Va. Code § 37B-2-3","W. Va. Code § 37B-2-4(a)"],"sources":[{"citation":"W. Va. Code § 36-8-2(a)(18)","title":"W. Va. Code § 36-8-2 (Uniform Unclaimed Property Act: presumptions of abandonment)","url":"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/36-8-2","publisher":"West Virginia Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"W. Va. Code § 37B-2-3","title":"W. Va. Code § 37B-2-3 (Unknown and Unlocatable Interest Owners Act: definitions)","url":"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/37B-2-3","publisher":"West Virginia Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"W. Va. Code § 37B-2-4(a)","title":"W. Va. Code § 37B-2-4 (Report of unknown and unlocatable interest owners)","url":"https://code.wvlegislature.gov/37B-2-4","publisher":"West Virginia Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]}}},{"state":"Wyoming","abbr":"WY","slug":"wyoming","url":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/royalty-payment-law/wyoming","apiUrl":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/api/v1/royalty-payment-law/wyoming","actName":"Wyoming Royalty Payment Act, Wyo. Stat. §§ 30-5-301 to 30-5-305","lastReviewed":"2026-11-02","quickAnswer":"Wyoming requires payment to begin no later than six months after the first day of the month following the date of first sale, then within 60 days after the end of the month in which production is sold, unless a valid contract provides otherwise (Wyo. Stat. § 30-5-301). A payor that violates the Act owes the unpaid proceeds plus interest at 18% per annum, and the prevailing party recovers court costs and reasonable attorney's fees.","fields":{"firstPayment":{"status":"statute","headline":"Six months after the first day of the month following first sale","citations":["Wyo. Stat. § 30-5-301(a)","Wyo. Stat. § 30-5-301(a), (c)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Wyo. Stat. § 30-5-301(a)","title":"Wyoming Statutes Title 30 (Mines and Minerals), compiled PDF dated 2026-05-08; Chapter 5, Article 3 (W.S. 30-5-301 to 30-5-305)","url":"https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title30.pdf","publisher":"Wyoming Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"subsequentPayments":{"status":"statute","headline":"60 days after the end of the month of sale","citations":["Wyo. Stat. § 30-5-301(a)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Wyo. Stat. § 30-5-301(a)","title":"Wyoming Statutes Title 30 (Mines and Minerals), compiled PDF dated 2026-05-08; Chapter 5, Article 3 (W.S. 30-5-301 to 30-5-305)","url":"https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title30.pdf","publisher":"Wyoming Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"minimumPayment":{"status":"statute","headline":"Annual when $100 or less is owed; on request within 60 days once $25 accrues","citations":["Wyo. Stat. § 30-5-301(b)(i)","Wyo. Stat. § 30-5-301(b)(ii)","Wyo. Stat. § 30-5-301(b)(iii)","Wyo. Stat. § 30-5-301(b)(iv)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Wyo. Stat. § 30-5-301(b)(i)","title":"Wyoming Statutes Title 30 (Mines and Minerals), compiled PDF dated 2026-05-08; Chapter 5, Article 3 (W.S. 30-5-301 to 30-5-305)","url":"https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title30.pdf","publisher":"Wyoming Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"lateInterest":{"status":"statute","headline":"18% per annum on the unpaid principal balance","citations":["Wyo. Stat. § 30-5-303(a)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Wyo. Stat. § 30-5-303(a)","title":"Wyoming Statutes Title 30 (Mines and Minerals), compiled PDF dated 2026-05-08; Chapter 5, Article 3 (W.S. 30-5-301 to 30-5-305)","url":"https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title30.pdf","publisher":"Wyoming Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"suspense":{"status":"statute","headline":"Escrow in a Wyoming insured institution, earning interest","citations":["Wyo. Stat. § 30-5-302"],"sources":[{"citation":"Wyo. Stat. § 30-5-302","title":"Wyoming Statutes Title 30 (Mines and Minerals), compiled PDF dated 2026-05-08; Chapter 5, Article 3 (W.S. 30-5-301 to 30-5-305)","url":"https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title30.pdf","publisher":"Wyoming Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"divisionOrders":{"status":"statute","headline":"Cannot alter or amend the lease; the lease controls","citations":["Wyo. Stat. § 30-5-305(a)","Wyo. Stat. § 30-5-304(a)(vii)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Wyo. Stat. § 30-5-305(a)","title":"Wyoming Statutes Title 30 (Mines and Minerals), compiled PDF dated 2026-05-08; Chapter 5, Article 3 (W.S. 30-5-301 to 30-5-305)","url":"https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title30.pdf","publisher":"Wyoming Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"ownerRemedy":{"status":"statute","headline":"District court where the well is; prevailing party recovers attorney's fees","citations":["Wyo. Stat. § 30-5-303(b)","Wyo. Stat. § 30-5-303(c)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Wyo. Stat. § 30-5-303(b)","title":"Wyoming Statutes Title 30 (Mines and Minerals), compiled PDF dated 2026-05-08; Chapter 5, Article 3 (W.S. 30-5-301 to 30-5-305)","url":"https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title30.pdf","publisher":"Wyoming Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"checkStub":{"status":"statute","headline":"Statutory list of items on the stub; penalty for omissions","citations":["Wyo. Stat. § 30-5-305(b)","Wyo. Stat. § 30-5-305(b)(iii)-(iv)","Wyo. Stat. § 30-5-305(b)(v)-(vi)","Wyo. Stat. § 30-5-305(b)(viii)-(x)","Wyo. Stat. § 30-5-305(b)(xi)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Wyo. Stat. § 30-5-305(b)","title":"Wyoming Statutes Title 30 (Mines and Minerals), compiled PDF dated 2026-05-08; Chapter 5, Article 3 (W.S. 30-5-301 to 30-5-305)","url":"https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title30.pdf","publisher":"Wyoming Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]},"escheat":{"status":"statute","headline":"Abandoned after three years unclaimed","citations":["Wyo. Stat. § 34-24-117(a)","Wyo. Stat. § 34-24-117(b)","Wyo. Stat. § 30-5-302","Wyo. Stat. § 34-24-117(d)","Wyo. Stat. § 34-24-102(a)(i)"],"sources":[{"citation":"Wyo. Stat. § 34-24-117(a)","title":"Wyoming Statutes Title 34 (Property, Conveyances and Security Transactions), compiled PDF dated 2026-05-08; Chapter 24 (Uniform Unclaimed Property Act)","url":"https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title34.pdf","publisher":"Wyoming Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"},{"citation":"Wyo. Stat. § 30-5-302","title":"Wyoming Statutes Title 30 (Mines and Minerals), compiled PDF dated 2026-05-08; Chapter 5, Article 3 (W.S. 30-5-301 to 30-5-305)","url":"https://wyoleg.gov/statutes/compress/title30.pdf","publisher":"Wyoming Legislature","fetchedOn":"2026-11-02"}]}}}]},"meta":{"apiVersion":"1.0","dataAsOf":"2026-11-03","disclaimer":"Educational only — not legal advice; statutes change, so confirm the current version and consult a qualified attorney for your situation.","source":"Compiled by Buckhead Energy from the official state publications linked on each page (legislature code sites, official session laws, court opinions, and regulator and treasury pages); every royalty-payment rule is quoted from the source text with its fetch date; general statutes named in a “No statute found” summary are linked as sources read, not quoted.","statesCovered":27,"canonical":"https://www.buckheadenergy.com/royalty-payment-law","description":"Royalty payment law by state. Fetch one state in full (facts, statute quotes, sources) at /api/v1/royalty-payment-law/:state."}}