An owner’s guide to mineral rights in the Caddo Limestone formation — the dominant productive carbonate of the Bend Arch / north-central Texas trend.
Quick answer
The Caddo Limestone is a Pennsylvanian-age carbonate formation that’s the dominant producing reservoir across the Bend Arch region of north-central Texas. It’s named after Caddo, Texas (Stephens County), where it was first identified as a productive interval during the 1917-1921 Breckenridge oil boom.
Age: Pennsylvanian (Carboniferous, ~310 million years old)
Lithology: Limestone (carbonate) with localized sandstone interbeds
Typical depth: 2,800-3,500 ft TVD across the Bend Arch
Porosity: 8-15% (moderate)
Permeability: low matrix; fracture-enhanced effective permeability
The Caddo is informally divided into several sub-intervals across the Bend Arch:
Caddo (main) — the primary producing interval; ~2,800-3,200 ft TVD
Caddo A — an upper sub-zone, often a separate completion interval
Caddo Disposal — deeper Caddo interval increasingly accessed via 2014-2018 directional re-entry programs (BASA Resources’ Stephens County campaign)
Caddo wells produce primarily oil with limited associated gas. Modern Caddo production is dominated by long-life waterflood operations with the following characteristics:
Per-well rate: 2-5 BOPD typical (stripper economics)
Decline rate: 3-7% annual on mature waterflood
Reserve life: 15-30+ years on actively-maintained units
Modern enhancement: directional re-entries into Caddo Disposal interval (2014-2018 vintage; can deliver 800-2,100 bbl/month per well in best cases)
The Caddo Limestone is the dominant producing formation across the following Bend Arch counties:
Stephens County — the productive heart of the Caddo trend
Eastland County
Palo Pinto County
Young County
Shackelford County
Throckmorton County
If your mineral interest produces from the Caddo formation, Buckhead Energy can provide a free written offer. Caddo interests are typically inherited multiple generations deep from the 1917-1925 boom era, with current owners spread across many states.
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