Quick answer
The producing mines are 11 underground mines and 11 surface mines.[1] They produced bituminous coal, and EIA places them in the Appalachia Central coal supply region.[1] Mines in the county produced 2,983,317 short tons in 2023, so output fell by about 21 percent in 2024.[1]
| Mine | Type | Coal rank | Short tons, 2024 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Excel #5 | Underground | Bituminous | 921,222 |
| Big Branch #34 | Surface | Bituminous | 362,467 |
| Bull Branch Surface Mine | Surface | Bituminous | 269,042 |
| Quality 1 | Underground | Bituminous | 97,607 |
| Mine #28 | Underground | Bituminous | 94,839 |
| Mine No 5 | Underground | Bituminous | 79,674 |
| #1 | Underground | Bituminous | 68,573 |
| Allen Branch Surface Mine | Surface | Bituminous | 61,413 |
| Shop Br. | Underground | Bituminous | 61,210 |
| #6 | Underground | Bituminous | 54,817 |
| Mine #2 | Underground | Bituminous | 48,918 |
| No. 1 | Underground | Bituminous | 46,172 |
| #57 Miner | Surface | Bituminous | 44,359 |
| Fedscreek Surface | Surface | Bituminous | 40,489 |
| Quality 3 | Underground | Bituminous | 36,043 |
| Island Creek 1 | Surface | Bituminous | 32,430 |
| Mc Auger 36 | Surface | Bituminous | 10,288 |
| Quality 2 | Underground | Bituminous | 6,844 |
| Chm 21 | Surface | Bituminous | 4,911 |
| Rob Fork Contour | Surface | Bituminous | 3,164 |
| Long Fork Surface Mine | Surface | Bituminous | 2,511 |
| First Fork Surface Mine | Surface | Bituminous | 1,115 |
Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Coal Report mine-level data for 2024, released November 19, 2025. Data compiled November 1, 2026.
Surface mining is often used when coal is less than 200 feet underground, and underground mining is used when coal lies deeper.[2] Bituminous coal is the most abundant rank found in the United States, and lignite has the lowest energy content.[3] The coal leases in a 2020 West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals decision carried a tonnage royalty, a minimum annual royalty and a fixed term of years.[4] Kentucky is one of the 24 states with an approved coal regulatory program, so the state is the primary regulator of coal mining there and handles permitting, inspection and enforcement, with oversight from the federal Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement.[5]
Kentucky's Constitution distinguishes instruments that sever the surface and mineral estates, instruments that grant a mineral estate, and instruments that grant a right to extract minerals.[6]
Under Kentucky's Constitution, a severance instrument that does not state the method of coal extraction is read, absent clear and convincing evidence otherwise, to allow only the methods commonly in use in the area when it was signed.[6]
The Appalachian coal region includes Alabama, eastern Kentucky, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Virginia and West Virginia, and underground mines supply most of its coal.[7]
The Interior coal region includes Illinois, Indiana and western Kentucky among other states, and Illinois is its top producer.[7]
What Buckhead buys depends on the deal, and Buckhead tells the seller up front which interest it is offering to buy — for example, the payments for the rest of the current lease term, a term easement, or a longer-term interest. The coal leases in a 2020 West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals decision carried a tonnage royalty, a minimum annual royalty and a fixed term of years.[4] Coal rights can also be divided by seam: in one West Virginia case, the leases covered all the coal in all seams above a named seam on the leased tracts.[4]
Educational information only — not legal, tax, or investment advice. The figures are public reference data, not a valuation or appraisal of any interest. Consult a qualified attorney, CPA, or landman about your specific situation.
Pike County, Kentucky had 22 producing coal mines in 2024, which produced 2,348,108 short tons of coal, according to mine-level data in the U.S. Energy Information Administration's Annual Coal Report for 2024.[1] Mines in the county produced 2,983,317 short tons in 2023, so output fell by about 21 percent in 2024.[1]
The mines that produced the most coal were Excel #5 (underground, 921,222 short tons), Big Branch #34 (surface, 362,467 short tons), Bull Branch Surface Mine (surface, 269,042 short tons), Quality 1 (underground, 97,607 short tons) and Mine #28 (underground, 94,839 short tons).[1] The next were Mine No 5 (underground, 79,674 short tons), #1 (underground, 68,573 short tons) and Allen Branch Surface Mine (surface, 61,413 short tons), plus 14 more in the table above.[1]
Buckhead Energy buys coal mineral rights and coal royalties. What Buckhead buys depends on the deal, and Buckhead tells the seller up front which interest it is offering to buy — for example, the payments for the rest of the current lease term, a term easement, or a longer-term interest.
The producing mines are 11 underground mines and 11 surface mines.[1] Surface mining is often used when coal is less than 200 feet underground, and underground mining is used when coal lies deeper.[2]
Kentucky is one of the 24 states with an approved coal regulatory program, so the state is the primary regulator of coal mining there and handles permitting, inspection and enforcement, with oversight from the federal Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement.[5]
Nearby Kentucky counties with producing coal mines include Floyd County (197,955 short tons in 2024), Martin County (217,616 short tons in 2024), Magoffin County (33,811 short tons in 2024), Knott County (393,457 short tons in 2024) and Johnson County (310,795 short tons in 2024).[1]
Coal Mineral Rights and Royalties in Kentucky
Selling Coal Mineral Rights and Coal Royalties
Oil and gas mineral rights in Pike County, Kentucky
Coal Mineral Rights and Royalties in Floyd County
Coal Mineral Rights and Royalties in Martin County
Coal Mineral Rights and Royalties in Magoffin County
[1] Annual Coal Report, mine-level production (2024 data, released November 19, 2025) — U.S. Energy Information Administration (accessed November 1, 2026)
[2] Coal explained: Coal mining and transportation — U.S. Energy Information Administration (accessed November 1, 2026)
[3] Coal explained — U.S. Energy Information Administration (accessed November 1, 2026)
[4] Iaeger Energy Development, LLC v. Moore, No. 18-0409 (memorandum decision, Jan. 13, 2020) — Supreme Court of Appeals of West Virginia (accessed November 1, 2026)
[5] Regulating Active Coal Mines — Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (accessed November 1, 2026)
[6] Constitution of Kentucky, Section 19 — Kentucky General Assembly, Legislative Research Commission (accessed November 1, 2026)
[7] Coal explained: Where our coal comes from — U.S. Energy Information Administration (accessed November 1, 2026)
Buckhead Energy buys coal mineral rights and coal royalties.
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